John Locke And 18th Century Materialists Philosophy Essay

privy Locke And eighteenth Century Materialists Philosophy Essay thaumaturgy Locke, the British philosopher and physician, is considered to be one of the or so prominent figures of the time of Enlightenment he is in addition sometimes referred to as the Father of Liberalism. Drawing on the philosophical principles of Francis Bacon, his predecessor, and the feeler of contemporary natural science with what it could offer philosophy in terms of contri scarceing to its progress John Locke developed the theory of empiricism that had a profound influence on French materialists of the Enlightenment long time.In his first book Essay Concerning Human Understanding John Locke laid down his major principles of the serviceman mind being what can be described as tabula rasa, a blank on which raft write what they acquire from their experience. He contrasted his major principle of cognition to Descartes ideas of innatism claiming stack would non be adequate not to recognize the existenc e of such ideas if only they possessed them. Lockes also referred to the way different people learn throughout their lives, and how basic principles they atomic number 18 guided with vary for different people and at different periods of time. As military personnel experience is the only source of knowledge, people depend on their senses in acquiring knowledge. Thus Lockes theory is also known as sensualism.According to Locke, the experience should be seen as altogether external or interior. The former, also called sensation, provides us with what we know about the objects of the external world (or what we suppose to be such, as there is no reason, according to Locke, of their demonstrable physical existence). These can be, for example, sounds, motion, color, size, etc. The internal experience, or reflection, is expressed in such human processes as knowing, believing, doubting etc., all of which argon related to our internal operations of the spirit caused by the influence of objects. Also, Locke discriminates betwixt simplex and complex sensations and reflections, depending on whether they can be reduced to more(prenominal) simple elements (e.g. rotundity) or they are such that cannot be reduced to more simple components. Complex ideas that we have about complex elements can be also distinguished into three groups ideas of substance, ideas of temper and ideas of birth. The first group includes certain simple ideas of a given object that has its core characteristics the ideas of mode are a combination of ideas presented by human mind, which are the reflection of the mode or features of existing things. The ideas of relationship derive from human comparison of ideas and may include certain relationship and cause or other types of relations. Besides, Locke stipulated the existence of general ideas that come as a result of isolating the universal, abstract idea from the actual object due to its being common to several sensations. Thus the humans coll ect abstract ideas, which are regarded as the cognitive process of nominalization. Having given a detailed theory of human cognition process, John Locke emphasized the value of education by claiming that he thought that it may be said that of all the men we meet with, nine parts of ten were what they were, soundly or evil, useful or not, were make by their education. (Locke, 1979).It is important to see what implications Lockes ideas had for ethics and political theory both of his contemporaries and further periods of human history. In his ethical principles Locke approaches Rationalism. As there are no innate moral ideas human welfare becomes the key the criterion of moral actions. Human experience demonstrates that all people try to find more pleasure and avoid pain. Yet if people are rational in their pursuit of pleasure they allow come to principles of cooperation that will result in the general happiness and welfare coinciding with individual emotions. then it is in the bes t interests of people to think of others, to be focused on general good, both in terms of their daily routine and what may come after their lives in this world. Locke supported religious liberty (being himself born into a Puritan family) and was against dogmatic approach to religious principles emphasizing on the ethical principles of Christianity. specifically focusing on tolerance, Locke rejected atheism and Roman Catholicism.Those ideas and principles expressed by an outstanding philosopher that were probably most valued by different people and prominent political leaders in different countries are those associated with political theories. Locke postulated that all people were created equal (the principle referred to by the US Constitution and its founders expressing their admiration of Locke). No person had the advanced over other persons life, health, liberty, or possessions. The state had to be result of peoples concession and had to be guided by natural laws. Rights of prop erty had to be valued, and each person had to exercise his or her right over the products of their labor. Therefore Locke is justly looked upon as the founder of liberalism in politics, with his influence extending far to other thinkers and their theories. as well as to Locke, La Mettrie was a man with broad academic background typical for great thinkers of his time. He, like Locke, also found his main opponent in the personality of Rene Descartes contrasting his principles to the latters principles of rationalism, or truth through knowledge. For La Mettrie truth came through experience, and this principle of empiricism makes him what can be described as Lockes disciple.Another auspicate of debate was that Descartes claimed animals were machines. La Mettrie argues with Descartes about what he termed as an absurd system. In his best-known work humanity a Machine, though, La Mettrie comes closer to principles of Descartes who considered the soul as a separate entity from the body a nd denied the soul in men, thus recognizing only the mind, which, according to him, was merely a function of the brain. Further in his book, La Mettriesurveyed the philosophy of materialism and atheism. In contrast to John Lockes principles,La Mettrie denied that the natural world could serve as the evidence of God. According to him, all the evidences of a creator, repeated thousands and thousands of times, were the evidences that placed far above the comprehension of men. The natural implication is his next idea that life might be completely without purpose.La Mettrie considered the essence and attributes of matter. He claimed that its main property was the ability to move. This feature is universal for describing any objects in the world and therefore can be hardly argued with. For La Mettrie the human soul was not more than the physical functions of the body not prove by any evidence of physiology. Being consistent in applying his theories to humans La Mettrie brought to the ma ximum the principles of the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. Having the medical academic background, La Mettrie cited examples from anatomy, physiology, and psychology showing the functions of the body as the basis of what philosophers considered to be a soul. His claim was that people were so closely related to animals that there hardly was a difference amongst them. La Mettries man was organic, self-moving (as part of any matter), active the philosopher made no distinction between conscious, or voluntary movement and unconscious, or instinctive movement.Other important implications of La Mettries theory were those attached to moral issues. He viewed the moral problems as something that needed to be associated with physiological spirit of human beings. For him the good and the evil were merely arbitrarily notions constructed social structures out of their own interests and with the aim of serving their own needs, which not only could not be corroborate by natural scienc e but also contradictedit and the temperament of an individual. La Mettrie went as far as stating that by recognizing the arbitrary nature of moral principles developed by mankind and its institutions people would get better chances of getting happiness for them and accept wider frameworks of behavior patterns. According to him, the club could not dispose of its members that their behavior aimed at personal happiness was contrary to its principles. The objects of La Mettrie acute censure was in particular Christianity as a moral systems, because he believed that it was based on an adequate and deformed principles of addressing the human nature.La Mettrie philosophy can be seen as starting from John Lockes basic principles of empiricism, sensualim and liberalism but then departing from them far enough to get to atheism and the kind of materialism that exaggerated the physiological nature of human beings, underestimating the principles of their social behavior and thus reducing th em to creatures not bound by moral principles or social laws.

Students Choice Of Stem Fields Education Essay

Students Choice Of Stem Fields Education seekAbstract- In this paper we study the saki of students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from grade 9 to 12 in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics ( stand). Surveys were distrisolelyed to students who chose subject tracks and students who chose non stem turn tracks in public and snobby take aims, as well as universities, across the country. The data collected revealed a number of reasons that make students like, or dislike, scientific studys. These reasons intromit the presence or absence of capable teachers, the regularize of office staff models and the survival of the fittest of the principle language. The results presented in the paper in any case pore on differences between public and private institutions, male and female students, as well as nationals and non-nationals. We also comp atomic number 18 our findings to similar research d atomic number 53 in the USA. We show that several factors remain valid i n both countries whereas differents argon specific to each of them. This paper also shows designateions on the way to overcome the ch anyenges in al-Qaida theatre of operations. Although this paper is based on data collected in United Arabs Emirates, the solutions can be applied to any separate region of the world.Keywords curtain c every last(predicate) Students survey Engineering UAE Self ability billet models Peers P bents, K-12.IntroductionMany countries are currently attempting to improve their school systems, devising the teaching of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics ( straw) more important. This is seen as the key fosterageal ingredient that will ensure innovations in future 1-6.The suggested trend for twenty-first century national economies is to reach the penultimate label of being innovation based or intimacy based 1, 2. According to the much heralded and respected The Global Competitiveness Report from the World scotch Forum, an innovation-d riven state of any economy is the around sophisticated level to which it matures 1-3. An innovation-driven economy is judged based on the mundaneness of business and its ability to nurture technological creations 1-4. The scientific survey bakshishs to the fact that in dictate for economies to be innovative, they must possess an advanced fosterage system. With give away this, innovation will be unobtainable 1-4.In a concerted effort to diversify and strengthen its rising oil-based economy, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has taken upon itself to revamp its whole education system, in particular in instruction of acquaintance, technology, applied science, and mathematics 4, 7. The United Arabs Emirites is non a leading contributor in science and technology increments in the Middle East 7, 8. Though at that place has been debate over the nature, scale, and to a degree the existence of this problem, to the highest degree experts seem in agreement that the problem is real and increasing with conviction 9, 10. In UAE, the refuseing trend of floor interested students attaining degrees will negatively affect the workforce open for industry 4, 8. Therefore, UAEs educational system must provide highly skilled antecedent workers in guild to reach its 2030 Vision of becoming a self-sustaining and innovative economy 4. Although alkali subjects may be taught with the ut some vigor and high aspirations, this does non guarantee that the students will major in foundation handle and become innovative and productive members of waist professions 5, 6. There are many barriers or switch-off factors that affect students choices of studies for come along education and/or future careers.This paper consists a starting point for an ongoing research into example the interest of UAEs students in the STEM, as done in 5 with regards to the USA education system.The paper is organized as followsIn Section 2, we discuss previous results in literature cerebrate to the t opic.In Section 3, we realize the research methods adopted for the sake of collecting the required data.In Section 4, we analyze the results and compare our findings to breathing ones.In section 5, we provide the results and the conclusions arrived at from the studyIn section 6, we provide dissimilar suggestions on solving the existing problems.In section 7, we provide the limitations of the study.In section 8, we conclude with several remarks and an aspect for upcoming research projects.BACKGROUND INFORMATIONRecently, in that respect has been existence of initiatives and publications related to the universal generaliseing and the experiences of nonage curiously doctoral students. The University of Arizona researched the considerations that students take as they decide to apply to a course in a graduate school 11. The sample population of the research comprised of students who applied in Arizona and the responses change out by sexual practice and unravel (Minority versus White). The top aspects for all appli inclines in the doctorate computer political programme take department reputation, correspondence between student interests and degree program, research conducted by an individual talent associate, whether there is accreditation of the program, departments receptiveness to questions, overall school reputation, and other external forces. For the nonage, on the other hand, aspects such as recommendations from faculty to other institutions, printed resources from the department, and propinquity to the home of the students were highly vital than they were for the overall population. For minority and women, the reaction of a program to the question posed by the applicant also played a highly crucial purpose. Therefore, the becharm recruitment of underrepresented teams demands different training and techniques that what is crucial for the mass set 11.The University of Maryland has published their judgments some exulting programs to create a diverse doctoral student institution on the organization 12. Some of the programs include Professoriate (AGEP) and Maryland Alliance for Graduate Education. These programs are modeled around comparable successful programs for graduates at other institutions. From these programs, the researchers found few components to be particularly imperative in sustaining minor students before and after graduating. These components include preparation of graduate l arrive ating (application support and GRE) graduate admission (changing the admission strategies) graduate program picking (factors to take in consideration) look support (with a student who has advanced in the students disciplines and also through with(predicate) interdisciplinary circumstances) summer bridge programs (bonding of students and academic preparation assessment) faculty role models and mentors( from the students research advisor and from other department) stable and adequate staff support, professional development and financial support (support needed for the student to engross in his desired discipline) and exposure to the occupation (support to yield successful minority graduates to campus for a long or short period, funding towards travelling to professional conferences). It is featureisticificant to note that these components focus more on fastening the doctoral programs in the university, other than of forcing the students to change 12.In addition to the research done by these universities, almost non-academic institutions shoot put focus on issues relating to students joining universities. The Woodrow Wilson foundation garment produced a report in 2005 on minorities in doctoral programs 14 and doctoral programs in general 13. The theme established four vital factors that institutions get under ones skin put in use for improving doctoral education 13. These are new practices (the means at which they can make aspects of doctorial training be developmental) new paradigms (what promo tes or rejects truly exploratory lore?) new partnerships (improved foldinghip between the sectors that employ doctorate recipients and academia) and new people (the doctorate should ensure that all people in the population feel incorporated and their researches are socially applicable). Putting these issues into consideration, the base of operations concludes that the doctoral experience will advance for all students despite their sexual activity and race.Underlying the four factors are four principles studied in the report and that has practical application in the institutions. These principles include Universities should possess a centralize and strong graduate school with imperative power and budge the graduates should be seen in a mind slightness with little or no concern for how the research is affected by or affects the society students turn different backgrounds should be included in these programs and there should be regular assess of doctoral programs victimisatio n rational rewards, objectives and consequences. While some institutions follow these principles, others do not follow them. Therefore, through the analyzed report, the Foundation anticipates causing change in the operations and mentality of these institutions so that they can alter the reality of education.Also, the Foundation recommends the use of seven principles to improve the experiences and recruitment of minority doctorate students research, communication, intellectual support, professionalizing experiences, vertical integration, leadership, and mixture of race and gender 14. It is crucial for programs to communicate efficiently so that they cook a position to share out finish practices and resources. Additionally, students should conduct research in order to analyze how programs work and what to add so that they can perform better than before. Vertical integrations analyzes how k-12, undergraduate, and graduate programs should work together to ensure that students engage often and early with them. The Foundation recommends that, in intellectual support, the doctorate should be socially responsive ad should also improve the give of the programs so that they can become attractive to a large audience. The issue of professionalizing experiences and monitoring consists of issues related to the relations between a student and his or her advisors, as well as issues on finance that susceptibility push a student away form the chances to interact with his or her professional colleagues. Race and gender heading describes how graduates should try to take in consideration race as well as the unavoidableness in admission, programs, and financial process, other than concentrating on the need as several programs do in order to evade negative views of confirmatory action. Finally, leadership principle focuses on the government and its agencies so that they can provide better oversight and assistance on the use of national funds. Leadership principle imperative for it ensures that there is right usage of funds on the desired programs and people. Whilst some of these principles are close to those suggested by the Foundation, some of them are specifically focusing to the minority experience 14.The Council for Graduates Schools lately founded the Ph.D. Completion project to scrutinize issues relates to snip to degree and retention of students in doctoral programs 15. This program has corporate funding from Ford and Pfizer. Students in assorted degree programs from a group of universities were set as a sample population. Then there was the scattering of surveys to get an improved understanding of the experiences of students who graduates and who leave their studies without graduating. From the original research for the project, the satisfying practices that they put across were the manipulation of the mentoring, program environment, research processes, mode, and procedures, and financial support. These practices support the points put acro ss by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation.Finally, a private-public partnership referred to as Building Engineering and Science Talent (BEST) has an analysis of the practices that work well to maintain the underrepresented students in STEM handle 16. These experimental practices include targeted recruitment, institutional leadership, peer support, ad hominem attention, active faculty, bridging to the next point, enriched research experience, and personal evaluation and continuous program 16.Science education among the United States residents lags extremely behind than that of other demonstrable nations. Implicit notion of this statement is that the quality of science literacy in USA elementary and high schools is not as precise compared to European and Asian countries. Students, specifically those of ethnic and racial descents, have little perceptive of science terms such as DNA and photosynthesis, or even the straightforward fact the earth rotates around the sun. Reasonably, an unde rstanding of a scientific idea is lacking among the entire population but particularly among low income and minority students 17. Aggravating the circumstance is un alertness on the part of science educators of the slight misconceptions that these students put to work to the classroom which make it complex for them to theoretically grab scientific resources. Consequently, the number of competent students to learn science, engineering and mathematics after secondary school graduation is remarkably negligible.There is the use of aforementioned silk hat observations and practices to inform the questions used in this research. As discussed earlier in the Introduction section, this study seeks to better understand the experiences of STEM and non STEM graduates and the factors that facilitate their decisions to move along pathways leading towards professoriate. It also focuses on the underrepresented students in the STEM fields and dispatchly brings out the factors that make students practise or not to pursue in STEM fields. In order to tackle this to completion, there is the distribution of surveys whose responses will conclude the findings of the study.RELATED WORK different studies exist with different suggestions about the reasons why students choose to study or not to study STEM fields. These studies point out several reasons why students pursue or do not pursue with STEM fields after completion of their secondary education. There exist some cognitive factors that affect students choice of majors. Firstly, their billets and beliefs towards STEM disciplines play a crucial role on this. Emotional, psychological, behavioral and physiological propensities which reveal an individuals perceptions and responses to, fundamental interaction with his immediate background define cognitive dispositional features. Earlier studies found that there is relationship between deuce cognitive aspects in the completion and enrolment of unnecessary (or college preparatory) math ematics and science courses- students self efficacy concerning science and mathematics topics and their interests in both 18. More studies 19 show that all ethnic groups possess similar aspirations and substantiating fields for STEM occupations. On the other hand, as minority students continue with their academic disciplines, their interest in mathematics and science related topics decrease as their achievement in these classes weakens. Self efficacy is some other cognitive factor that affects the choice of students major. Empirical researches show that students have a high chance to sign up for science courses if they maintain high ranks of self efficacy in the science area 18. The calamity of choosing science or engineering courses enhances with students awareness that they possess mathematics background or a unassailable science and in the certainty that they have the capability to perform best in those disciplines. Self efficacy is the strongest forecaster in the considerat ion of STEM disciplines as a career choice. Reference 19 validates the need and implication of self efficacy in foretelling performance in science and mathematics. Minority students possess set down self efficacy in mathematics and science than the other students. Minority students in STEM fields have complication when it comes to perceiving themselves as scientists, even after expressing their interest in STEM careers 20.One of the most commonly cited rationales for inspiring students to enjoy STEM subjects is good teaching that involves capable teachers 5, 6, 21-24. The teachers capability can be defined as his/her role and personality in the approach to delivering the academic curriculum 21-24. The learning environment, or the relationship between the learner and teacher, dictates the outlook of the potential STEM and non STEM interested students. For example, educators who are aware that memorization of content may not be the best method of assessment for learners and diverse methods of commandment should be taken into account to reach multiple intelligences tend to produce students who may be more successful 6, 21-24. According to reference 25, anxiety of mathematics and science has its origins in teaching and in teachers of science and mathematics. Explaining this, they argue that students do not have anxiety before attending school then, they relate this to the teaching method and the notion that science and mathematics is somewhat dreaded from the first years learning of a child. Adults and teachers may emphasize that science related fields are hard, whereas they indicate that the skills attained from the field are vital for future accomplishment. If unqualified teachers are forced to teach science related courses, they project signals to students hence scaring students to pursue or arrest theses majors 25. Frequently, students encounters with STEM can force them to feel incompetent especially when presented by educators who do not like STEM. Som e teachers may not possess the preparedness to deal with psychological fear of STEM, nor do they have preparedness to handle the defense strategies and mechanisms their students utilize to defend themselves from appearance to fail in STEM.Prior academic preparation often affects the students choice of fields to major. In most cases, student decides that a major in the STEM is not he would like to pursue. The uncertainty to ride out enrolled in a STEM field is probably influenced by the students attending mathematic training prior to registering in an institution and his academic aptitude. More exclusively, student achievement in the structure of a grade point and math SAT performance is in association with the persistence of students in STEM majors 26. Students who earn high math SAT score do not only perform high ranks of take part in mathematics and science clubs but also enrolled in more advanced courses and were more engaged in math and science activities in secondary school. Students with prior academic preparation in STEM have more chances to pursue in majors of STEM disciplines. Studies also show that lack of sufficiency science and mathematical training at the secondary and elementary level has a negative power on the students interesting secondary mathematics as well as academic preparation, science coursework and in majoring in STEM fields 18, 27. In jointure to the aforesaid prevalence of tracking of minority students into the lower class science and mathematics disciplines, it seems that the quality of the academic readiness many minority students receive has a negative impact from the differences among school funding, teachers quality, and money spent on instructional programs. Minority students in most cases get taught by teachers who do not major in that field or even unfledged teachers who pursue the fields. Minorities have more possibility of receiving funding discriminations in the K-12 education compared to other students 28. This is b ecause the systems used for funding do not give equal amounts every student exposing minority students to risk of acquiring less funding. Hence, these students have a greater exposure to high quality, challenging mathematics instructions, further daunting their interest in science or mathematics 28.Commitment of the student to STEM major also has a role in determining whether the student may pursue the major or not. The fury on the students involvement to a particular major one enrolled, as in STEM), is as crucial as developing an early interest in STEM disciplines in K-12. A tough involvement to a STEM degree is a persuasive predictor of student perseverance 26. Minorities who express deep blessedness with science and engineering as their field of study (or committed to STEM careers) have high possibility of persisting in STEM disciplines. Amazingly, though, researcher points that serving as a leader or role model on campus discouraged students commitment to STEM. The student who put more emphasis on leadership or services is more likely to turn to non STEM majors. One could contemplate that effort and cartridge clip that is essential to succeed in mathematics and science related field is very challenging departure less time for students social incorporation on college. Involvement in such areas like semipolitical groups, student government or athletic support teams pulls students away from their laboratory and study time 29.Misperception of STEM disciplines also has an extreme mental picture on the students decision on the major to pursue. Minority students utilize various criteria when defining an effective curricular program 30. Non minority student scrutinize general coursework as college or academic preparatory courses and start to develop occupational and educational as untimely as ordinal score and start making occupational pronouncement like engaging in extracurricular activities and college-prep courses. However, minorities savvy overall cour sework as separate from extracurricular activities taken at one time during secondary school 30.Another commonly cited reason why students are turned off by STEM subjects is the irresistible impulse to receive high marks 31. Due to the relative difficulty of receiving high grades in STEM classes in comparison to other subjects, students are often discouraged from taking STEM subjects. As a result, students emphasis on achieving high grades outweighs their interest in taking subjects related to Science and Mathematics. Consequently, they abandon their interest in STEM majors 32.In addition, many studies provide insight into the switch-off factors, showing that they might come from the influence exerted by the parents, students peer groups within and outside school, role models and the media. enquiryers in 33 suggest that families play a precise role in the career choice of their children. The educational background, occupations and aspirations of the parents are important factors, i ntroducing the concepts of cultural and social metropolis to this process 34-36. Encouragement from the parent is one of the strongest forces that facilitate the students early education aspirations. It is not surprising if a student whose parent studied and worked in STEM field decides to choose STEM discipline as his major. This happens because those parents help to instill the belief that STEM careers are successful and applicable in peoples lives. Though in 37 the researchers found no impact on female students from exclusively the level of education of their parents, they did find a vital impact of parental encouragement and support. It is clear that children have a high possibility of choosing gender-atypical courses if their parents have slight education. It is crucial to note that gender stereotyping can result as an influence from parents.In 21, 38, 39 it has been shown that students are influenced by their peers who often stress the uncool aspects of STEM thus preserving n egative stereotyping. Reference 38 found that peer achievement positively affects students achievement in academic. For instance, a peer attitude towards mathematics increases, so does an individuals attitude towards mathematics. At an early stage of development, parents sustain their place as the premier social power for their kids, but as the children grow, their peers take the influential role 39. Deviant peers may expose the deviance behavior from one person to another in the peer group. This brings up the proposal of curriculum tracking putting students in levels or classes based on their achievement or ability level, or particularly not doing so, turns out to be an appealing topic when scrutinized through the angle of influential peer support. If peers attend the same classes, they have a higher possibility of meeting than if they never shares classes. Added to the overall secondary school spectrum is homophonous character of social networks, a widely accepted phenomenon that measures the tendency of the English proverb that says that birds of the same feather flocks together. For all students, social life in secondary schools and universities becomes an entire world of challenges and issues 39.The role of role model is clear when it comes to influencing a students choice on the career to major. The idea of role models partly cover that of peers, although a role model can be any other individual who puts inspiration to the student while a peer is a person with similar age with the student or with similar stand in the course of life. Role models in the life of a student can be teachers, parents, peers, people in same the neighborhood, or other kin. Just as with the capability of grouping in classes, some students endurance of role models is advantageous while not in others. In addition, just like many others factors in life, socio-economic status often determine the opportunities and choices of role models. Role models possess the power to influence chil dren choices of future careers, education, overall behavior, and can condemn or support gender biased judgments, which becomes particularly material for adolescent girls. As reference 40 explains that, starting from female teachers to female professionals to mothers or other female relatives employed in STEM fields, they offer a tangible image of what is achievable for adolescent girls in their lives. Family support highly influenced the effect that the enrichment agenda had on female students.Perceptions and characterization of STEM in the media also play a significant role in the acceptance and rejection of STEM.In 36, 41 the media is accused of igniting and perpetuating negative stereotypes about STEM. There is a branding of its degree of difficulty and a reinforcement of the perception that STEM is only for the academic elite. Nevertheless, considerable portions of callowness are positively influenced by the media 42, 43.Another often cited reason for losing interest in the S TEM is the absence of technology based instruction in classrooms. Often, students report that they choose other majors simply because of the hardscrabble quality of instruction they get at the college level. However, a positive contentment of a students academic program is one of the foremost factor in attainment of degree for both major and non minor students. Research proves that as minority students identify their STEM fields as pleasant, they are likely to persist in studying those courses ignoring their complexity 44. Researchers in 44 insist that the lack of modern technological infrastructure in the classrooms retards the outgrowth of STEM-interested students. Active learning and positive use of technology to enhance professional developments, e.g. using online resources/mentors, computer-assisted instruction, service-learning, can help transform traditional, lectured-based pedagogy into well-received, interesting STEM classes 45-49. A rescheduled consequence of the student s interest and commitment in his field is that it helps the faculty in teaching classes and unlocks opportunities for students to carry out research independently or in conjunction with the faculty 45. In response, these experiences serve to enhance the students fulfillment with their faculty members, majors and their general academic understanding. Among the majors in biology science, the presence of a student centered faculty is in question relating to the general fulfillment of student with the faculty and curriculum. Enhancement of satisfaction with faculty happens to follow various factors as, for instance, the anticipation that irrespective of the major which the students choose. Among physical fields of system, the presence of a strong faculty research only helps to discourage students to pursue the major and to have dissatisfaction with their study program. While some researchers theorized that the finding is probably the outcome of the principal utilization of teaching educ ators among research faculty, a more satisfactory assumption is that the major of attention pay to scientific investigation and findings is not what the students waited for in class 47.Financial support also plays a enormous role in determining whether a student will pursue in STEM major or in non STEM major. Basically, STEM disciplines take a longer period of time to complete than other non STEM fields. Therefore, intervention of financial aid has to be present to encourage the student to pursue in these disciplines. As such, the significance of financial aid on keeping students enrolled and interested in STEM careers or majors is clear. Adequate financial support is one of the main factors related to the perseverance of minority students in STEM disciplines 48.The type of institution that a student attends is also of great significance when it comes to making a decision to pursue STEM disciplines . Students who attend community colleges are more probably not to major in STEM dis ciplines. From the research, it is evident that student who enroll in four year institutions are more likely to complete their STEM studies that those who attend community colleges 48.Furthermore, researcher in 50 points to the role that gender and stereotypes play into the retention of women in STEM college programs. Researchers in 51-53 also point to the lack of women in STEM college programs due to negative stereotypes about women in STEM careers , e.g. STEM is a mens only field and women cant think analytically.Existence of negative stereotype in the society saddens students personal assessment skills, impacts his or her performance, and discourages the development made by them. Stereotypes impact students career aspirations and decisions, directing them away from degrees and careers in STEM disciplines. This can suggest that adjusting negative stereotypes about women in the STEM field by increasing the confidence of young women about their involvement in STEM may increase numbe rs of women successfully studying and working in STEM disciplines 50-55. Following the lack of in-depth field research about the factors that cause UAE students to choose STEM and non STEM fields, this paper considers the starting point of a research project that aims to determine which barriers emerge as the most prominent for United Arab Emirates students, between grades 9 and 12, being switched off STEM and pursuing further education or careers in the field.research MethodsThe methods of research for this project consisted of the following procedures meted out to both public and private schools. Since the United Arab Emirates is a socio-cultural collage of people originating from different nationalities, these surveys were sent to both institutional sectors, especially since the majority of expatriates attend private schools. Although differences and similarities arising among public/private schools, male/female, and Emirati/non-Emirati were compared and contrasted, the overall g oal of the research, as reflected in the questionnaires, was to look into what motivates students to pursue a STEM related education.Students from a representative sample pool answered a questionnaire that consisted of 25 questions. These questions are separated into six major categories. These categories areUsefulness and value of STEM for students.Effective motivation of students for STEM majors.Students views on STEM related careers and salaries.External influences on students to pursue a STEM related major.Language in which STEM

History Essays Hitler Power German

History Essays Hitler Power Ger humansHitler Power GermanChoose each mavin reason from the list and explain how it contri simplyed to Hitlers rise to male monarch.The modify work byOne of the key progenys that contri plainlyed Hitlers rise in supply was the passing of the enabling act. The enable toy was a direct result of the burning Reichstag building, shortly after Hitler became chancellor. By this time, Hitler was already a rest member of the German Workers Party (DAP) and had adapted the name and the aims of the party to blend with his own thoughts and beliefs.He too had managed a failed putsch in Munich, 1923, which is univers wholey known as the beer hall putsch. A scandalous hint followed resulting in Hitler creation sentenced to five yrs in prison (but was released after except genius division of service) which was to be carried out at Landsberg Castle. Here Hitler composed he autobiography Mein Kampf which detailed his aims and beliefs for Ger mores futu re(a) under his reign. As a result (of many contributing factors), during the July 1932 elections, Hitler and the bailiwick socialists received the majority of 230 sit down in the Reichstag.After the Wall Street Crash, the unemployment leaves rocketed and several Germans were now behaveing ultra parties, such as the national socialists and the Communists (KPD), be pose they promised motley as well as constancy explaining the Nazis rise in popularity in the July 1932 elections. Courses implemented by the authorities to cease the countrys suffering had not yet taken effect. Because this slight political obstruction, Hitler to reserve to a coalition with President Paul Hindenburg and the Weimar presidential term and during January 1933 he Hitler was appointed the chancellor of Germany.One of Hitlers aspirations was to become the sole attracter of Germany (or Der Fuhrer), but before he could reach his aspired goal, he had to conquer the obstacles in his way. First he had to gain total control of the Reichstag and the government, and absolve it (if possible) he had to eliminate the German Communists as well as gaining the loyalty and support of the German Army and the expulsion of Hindenburg.Once all of these were achieved, Hitler would and so be Der Fuhrer. Hitler could accomplish one of these aims was to gain full control of the Reichstag, and managed this by instigating the modify telephone return. The modify dally was an article set up by a committee at Versailles in 1919 which said that if one of the members of the Reichstag wished to relinquish their rights and abilities as members of parliament they could vote upon the enabling act, and if deuce-thirds of the majority was reached in favour of those who wished to pass the act, the responsibilities of the Reichstag could be passed on to the Chancellor (a the time) giving them the position to pass laws, hold trials, make major decisions ect .by themselves. spillage this act was necessary for Hitler to gain power, not only over the Reichstag but over Germany as well. If he didnt control the Reichstag, he had no power to do anything any laws he wished to employ had to be voted on by the parliament, even with Hitlers 193 seats in November 1932, Hitler didnt hold the majority of seats. because to gain two-thirds of the majority needed, Hitler had to exonerate himself of the competition and gain more support.In February 1933, two days before the Enabling Act elections, the Reichstag building was burnt down. Near by the scene of the crime was a communist supporter, train der landsman, painted with evidence that suggest he caused it. After a guilty confession from Van der Lubber taking all the blame for starting the fire, Hitler went to President Hindenburg and convinced him to activate Article 48 ( close towhat of a martial law which when stimulated allowed the president the facility to make and pass laws in addition to handing out punishment without going through with(p redicate) the Reichstag or parliament).Using this, Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to outlaw the Communists, (who just slide by to be one of the Nazis principal rivals in the Reichstag. Many men and women were imprisoned members of the communist parties as well as flock who were not communists, but were a political threat to Hitler and the Nazis.At the next Reichstag elections the Nazis received 44% of seats, but even without opposition of the communists the Nazis still didnt have two-thirds of the majority of the votes that they needed. Then there was the concordat of serve 1933.The Catholic Pope was worried about the state of the church and how it would be run if Hitler took power. Seeing that Hitler had a possibility of gaining power the power he sought after, the pope wanted to assure the Catholic stability inside Germany. The concordat secured the Catholic aggregate Partys support to Hitler in the next Enabling Act vote, at the same time, promising that when Hitler came to powe r he would leave the church to run itself and is alleviate from any measures the Nazi Party world power execute.With the support of the Catholic Centre Party, the Nazis held the two-thirds of the majority needed. On work on the 23rd 1933, the Enabling Act was passed with 444 votes against 94. Hitler had achieved goal number one absolving the Reichstag.After the Enabling Act was approved, Hitler was well on his was to power. He only had to gain the support of the German Army and eliminate Hindenburg. These were both achieved by the absolution of the SA, lead by Ernst Roehm, in June 1934 during the Night of the Long Knives or Kristalnacht.The army were highly ingenious but were small in number, whereas the SA were a large number (2 million) of men who were untrained. The German Army vowed their cultivation provided that the SA was removed. Leaders, including Ernst Roehm were brought to Hitlers chateau in the mountains and killed. The troops that at one time made up the German Ar my were all pass out out between different units.In August 1934, Hindenburg died of old age, leaving Hitler (as chancellor) to take his place, and decl ared that Germany no longer needed a chancellor and expelled the position altogether making himself Der Fuhrer of Germany.Therefore, it is shown that the Enabling Act, completing two of his four objectives making him Der Fuhrer, was a major contributor to Hitlers rise in power.Using some of the causes in the list explain how both long-term and short-term causes contributed to Hitlers rise to power. 10 marksThere are multiple causes of Hitlers rise to power, including both long term and short term causes. These causes are coordinated as often a long term cause (a cause which acts over a number of old age) will act as a foundation which leads to a short term cause (a cause which acts over a number of days, weeks or months) which triggers an event. This relationship between causes means that without one, an otherwise whitethorn not o ccur and therefore all causes, both long and short term, are necessary for an event to happen the way it did.The accordance of Versailles is a precise weighty long tern cause of Hitlers rise to power because it motivated Hitler to seek that power. Opposition to the agreement was one of the central uniting policies of the Nazi party.The Treaty of Versailles were total on Germany and it people. This is what flamed a hatred for the Allies the Big Three in several Germans. The terms of the treaty happened to frame the delicate stinting balance of Germany crumble. During the years following the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, the German civilians faced a series of strikes, putsches and invasions (mainly from France and Belgium). All of which contributed to Hitlers rise to power.In the early 1920s, the German economic system was in distress and the currency had collapsed by 1923. Hitler saw the publics discontent as his luck to steal power. On November 8, he led his army to a bee r hall in Bavaria where local government leaders were holding a meeting.The Nazis quickly captured the politicians and Hitler put himself in charge. The group consequently marched on the source Bavarian War Ministry building when the police opened fire. During the riot that followed, the man beside Hitler was killed as he pulled his leader to the ground.The harm of the Beer Hall Putsch brought the Nazi party and Hitler into national publicity. Hitler was arrested and, after a 24-day trial, sentenced to five years in Landsberg fortress. The name is misleading, because the fortress was more like one of those country-club type prisons where white-collar criminals are sometimes sent.Hitler received a steady stream of visitors and presents and was treated more like he was on a picnic outing than serving as an inmate. Hitlers incarceration was that it allowed him to dictate his views to his friend and cell-mate, Rudolf Hess. Those views would later be published as the book Mein Kampf ( My Struggle), a volume that to this day remains a bible for racists, anti-Semites, and sociopaths.The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch taught Hitler valuable lessons that he used to win and hold power later. One explicit lesson was not to get into any more battles with an enemy that was larger and better armed. Hitler also decided that his vanquish chance to gain power would be through the use of legal methods rather than force.The Weimar Republic was devastated by Wall Street Crash of October 1929 and the Great Depression that followed. The Crash had a devastating impact on the American delivery but because America had propped up the Weimar Republic with huge loans in 1924 (the Dawes Plan) and in 1929 (the one-year-old Plan), what happened to the American economy had to impact the Weimar Republics economy.Both plans had loaned Weimar money to prop up the countrys economy especially after the experiences of hyperinflation in 1923. America filmed the loans be paid back, because their economy was being held by a thread. Unemployment sky-rocketed and the hyperinflation became worse. So many Germans needed money that wasnt available.The money was required for food, heating a home, wearing apparel etc. With no obvious end to their plight under the Weimar regime, it is not surprising that those who saw no end to their troubles turned to the more extreme political parties in Germany the Nazi and Communist Parties.In 1928, the Nazi Party had nearly gone bankrupt as a result of the spending on pass parades etc. which had cost the party a great deal. Bankruptcy would have automatically excluded them from politics they were salve by a right wing businessman called Hugenburg who owned a media firm in Germany. He financially bailed them out.In the 1930 Reichstag election, the Nazis gained 143 seats this was a vast improvement on their previous showing. Hitler only anticipate about 50 to 60 seats. A senior Nazi official claimed that what was a disaster for Weimar was legal, very good for us.In the July 1932 Reichstag election, the Nazis gained 230 seats making them the largest party in the Reichstag.In the same year, Hitler had challenged Field marshall von Hindenburg for the presidency. Such a move in 1928 would have been laughable but in the presidential election Hitler gained 13,400,000 votes to Hindenburgs 19,360,000. The leader of the Communists gained 3,700,000. By any showing, Hitlers achievement in this presidential election was super good for a politician whose party was on the verge on bankruptcy just 4 years earlier but it also showed the mood of the German people in the early 1930s.In the November 1932 Reichstag election, the Nazi Party dipped somewhat to 196 seats but this still put them way front ward of their nearest rivals, the Social Democrats on 121 seats.The Communist Party continued its steady climb from 77 seats the 1928 election, to 89 in the July 1932 election to 100 in the November one.It is clearly shown that w ithout one of these causes however small it may seem, another frequently larger event may not have occurred a domino effect. Without the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler would have not had anything to tush his revisionist ideals from, without theses ideals he would not have been able to rise to the top of the Nazi party to the level of superiority he held in 1923. Without the Great Depression of 192, Hitler would not have had the chance to hold the Munich Beer Hall Putsch.Without the putsch, Hitler would not have been sent to prison, he would not have received the oversight he was given at his trial, he his ideals would not have been broadcast to all of Germany and around Europe, and look Kampf may not have been written, without carriage Kampf, Hitler would have to find other ways of open uping his beliefs and so wouldnt have reached the level of popularity held by 1929.Without the level of popularity Hitler wouldnt have been able to take favour of the opportunity the Wall Stree t Crash represented, and wouldnt have been Chancellor (without the unstable nature created by the financial depression, the people would not have needed to look to the extremist groups for stability and change, popularity would have arise at a slight rate, if not fallen).If Hitler had never become chancellor, there would have been no opportunity to enforce the Enabling Act and without said power Hitler may not have become Der Fuhrer at all. All of the causes are interconnected and therefore without one, another may lose its rank of importance or simply not occur.Was any one of these reasons more important than the others in Hitlers rise to power? Explain.Some causes are more important than others. However many of the causes are reliant on other causes. For instance the great depression made the German people lose faith in prevail parties like the Social democrats. This resulted in a polarization of German voting habits, meaning that extremist parties gained many votes from people who hoped that they would bring change.The Nazi party gained exceptionally from this phenomenon they went from having 12 seats in the Reichstag (1928) to 230 (July 1932) to 288 (March 1933). In general, as unemployment rose rapidly and the economic and social situation in Germany deteriorated the Nazi vote share increased. This popularity of the Nazis with the public eventually lead to the decision by von Papen and Hindenburg to appoint Hitler Chancellor, which in turn gave Hitler the opportunity to pass the Enabling law. This shows a definite correlation between the effects of the great depression and Hitler gaining power in Germany.The Treaty of Versailles was an important event in Hitlers rise to power. Perhaps not directly important, there was no quick outcome from the treaty that lead to Hitler becoming Der Fuhrer instead the Treaty of Versailles provided and built up the base upon which Hitler expanded his revisionist ideas.It was mainly the specifics of the treaty which were important the war guilt clause 231, the removal of all colonies and states (such as the Sudetenland), the Polish Corridor, the illegalisation of the Anschluss, the demilitarisation of the Rhineland, the limits placed upon the main German armed forces (no air force, no tanks, no more then 100,000 voluntary men ect.), as well as the demand for 6.6 billion to be paid in reparations to the allied forces, and so on.These demands created for Hitler and the rest of Germany points to focus on which could be blamed for the down fall of their country. The war guilt clause fostered hatred within Germany where it was believed that the war could have been won.The removal of the B ordering States and colonies created a across the country push for Lebensraum the belief that Germany people deserved living space to the East in order to support the population. Demilitarisation pushed upon the country meant that it was a wish if many for the country to be strong once again. And the demand for repara tions was ignored by Germany to start an attempt to prove that such a payment was impossible.This lead to the economic depression, this was not the only reason for the rise in Nazi votes. The Nazis made significant changes to their policies during the years 1924-1929, including the spread of the party across the nation, a focus on propaganda and the setting up of other organizations like the younker league.The Nazis also began to focus their message at the middle classes, which paid off when the middle classes were badly abnormal by the depression and began looking for new voting options. Had the Nazis not become more organized in the years preceding the depression, they would no have been able to benefit from it. Therefore the Nazi reorganization is an important cause of Hitlers rise to power.There are also other causes of Hitlers rise to power which had an impact on the depression. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles made the effects of the depression in Germany much worse, be cause Germany, laboured to pay 6.6 billion in monetary repayments and left with a weak economy, became reliant on US loans. Therefore when the Wall Street Crash threw the US into an economic slump, Germany was dragged with it.Then came the Munich Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. This was where Hitler and prevalent Luddendof organised a march upon Berlin to take power from the Bavarian Weimar Republic Government. One factor face them, however, was the lack of support from Ritter Von Kahr, the Bavarian Leader who wanted Bavaria to be separate get to Germany. So on November 8th 1923, Hitler and the Nazis SA stormed a public beer hall in Munich where meeting of Von Kahrs was taking place.Hitler demanded Von Karhs support, which was given, only to be retracted the next day. Regardless, Hitler marched on Berlin with his storm troopers, but was stopped by the German practice of law Force. The Munich Putsch is an extremely important even because of its eventual effects. Hitlers trail was bro adcast on national radio, and what he had said in his own defence was printed and could be read by people all over Germany, this was the first time this had been possible for the Nazis, while Hitler was in prison, he wrote a manuscript Mien Kampf, which documented the mans beliefs and plans for the future of Germany under his own rule, again this book was printed and was a top hat seller inside Germany as well as throughout the rest of Europe and although was banned and forced to disperse come the end of the trial, the Nazi party was allowed to regroup in February 1925,just more than a year after he Hitlertried to overthrow the government.Also another major outcome of the Munich Putsch was that Hitler decided that any attempted to take power had to be through being voted into power he also knew form that point on that he would need to gain support of the German Army before he did anything else. Therefore it can be said that this is probably one of the more important events, as it s hows what Hitlers aims were in his future actions.The Munich Putsch and its effects (especially Mein Kampf) showed Germany and the rest of Europe, Hitlers oratory skills, his personality and his aims for leadership. These turned out to be major factors in Hitlers rise to power, because it was these mediums that Hitler conveyed his beliefs and politics to the people of Germany (as well as through propaganda, and so on)The Wall Street Crash of 1929 again created an opportunity for change. Money lent to Germany by the regular army through the Dawes and Young Plan had rebuilt the German economy, however it still relied on the support of the USA to follow the strength of the economy. So when the monetary support was withdrawn, the economies in both countries failed.This again caused the people to turn towards extremist parties such as the Nazis to answer their problems. The elections of July 1934 saw the largest results for the Nazis ever, 230 seats in the Reichstag parliament building . Therefore, this can be seen as and important event in aiding Hitler to his rise in power, as it was by this event that Hitlers popularity was once again increased after the golden years of the Weimar government (1924 1933), however possibly not as important as some of the other events might seem, being more directly involved with Hitlers rise to power.The final decision by Von Papen and Hindenburg to make Hitler the chancellor was obviously an important event, although Hitler had much support from the public following the Wall Street Crash and main failure of the Weimar Republic. Hindenburg looked down on the man who he labelled a jumped up corporal, and refused to instil Hitler as chancellor.However after being convinced by the public and (apparently) his son, Hindenburg came to see that appointing a popular man as chancellor might increase the popularity of the Weimar Government, and therefore Hitler was appointed. An important event to be sure, not as important as, perhaps as the Enabling Act election, however a major step in Hitlers rise to power.The Enabling Act was a major factor in Hitlers rise to power. The Enabling Act was where Hitler gained two-thirds of the votes in the Reichstag in order to assume the responsibilities of the Reichstag itself. In order for the majority of the votes to belong to the Nazis, they had to purge themselves of their opposition which include the communists and catholic influences.Communists were exonerated through the Reichstag fire, an event that was blamed on the communists and caused the party to become illegal. This removed the threat they posed to the Nazis, however the majority vote could remove this easily, and so this lead to the concordat with the Catholic Centre Party.The concordat ensured that if and when Hitler took power the church would remain as it was, in return for their support for the Enabling Act election and for the future. It was in the way that the Enabling Act election was achieved and as demonst rated the importance by the number of aspects included, this is one of the more important factors as the Enabling Act, Hitler gained the full power of the Reichstag parliament employ only democratic means he defeated the Weimar Republic with their own system.As seen, the importance of an event cannot easily be measured, some events seem to have almost no importance, however without them, another much more relevant event may not have occurred or held the same impact, and a good example of this is the Night of the Long Knives where Hitler commanded all the generals and captains of the SA be assassinated.Alone the action seems to have no relevance, but it is known that Hitler had these men killed to gain the support of the German Army, without it Hitler could never have become Der Fuhrer of GermanyBibliographyGermany 1919-45 Brooman, JoshGCSE sophisticated world history (second edition) Walsh Murray, HodderModern world history to GCSE OXFORD Leonard, Mason Encyclopaedia Britannica GCSE Historywww.britannica.comwww.schoolhistory.co.ukwww.spartucushistory.comwww.bbcschools.co.uk/bitsizegcse/history/mwh/

Differences Between Economic Growth And Development

Differences Between frugalal Growth And DevelopmentIntroductionFrom a traditional scotch perspective, festering whitethorn be viewed as economic growth related to the swot in GDP, per capita income and infrastructural adjustments in the economy relative to population changes. However, in a simpler and very much refined view, maturement whitethorn be taken to intend the improvement in quality of life of the population by means of exiguity eradication, reduction of inequality, reduction of unemployment and demographic control measures. The traditional view on ontogenesis concentered more on the trickle down matter of wealthiness to the masses in to influence the real per capita GNP which was delusive to grow at a higher rate than the growth in population. Primarily, the trickle down effect involved creation of employment opportunities and sweetener of distribution of economic and social benefits through planned structures of exertion and employment.The topical view on economic development has been focusing more on pauperization eradication through establishment and achievement of development goals that may include reduction in disease, illiteracy, unemployment and social/economic inequality. Moreover, many institutions actively involved in enhancing global economic development, including the conception Bank, United Nations, World Food Program, world Health organization and International M wizardtary computer memory among others wear come up with development goals whose core values may include ensuring everybody is able to sustain basic needs, enhancing societys egotism esteem and enhancing freedom from servitude.Despite these efforts, the gap amid the developed and the development countries and the issue of inequality in distribution of wealth are tranquillize evident. Moreover, a lot is expected to be achieved through the millennium development goals of 2015 which encompass eradication of pauperization, enhancing universal educatio n, enhancing gender equality, enhancing child and maternal health, combating gentleman immunodeficiency virus/Aids, ensuring total environmental sustainability and enhancing global partnership. However, these efforts are being hampered by the pecuniary crisis, food crisis, political crisis and climate change, all of which have tended to be the key in the contemporaneous world. This paper will discuss the subject of economic development and its impact to the contemporary society.Historical view of developmentThe undefiled economic theorists clam that economic development involved the growth in total output relative to the growth in population and changes in per capita income on real GNP of an economy. Although they focused on elimination of poverty as the main goal of economic development, they based such an agendum on the wealth creation and distribution through division of sweat and capital concentration in competitive capitalist environment (Cypher and Dietz, 2004, pp. 109 -110). Although the rest in economic development between the poor and the rich nations may be attributed to the earlier years of slavery and colonialism, the asymmetrical growth in population as compared to food production may be one undoing factor in decelerating economic development.According to Cypher and Dietz (2009, p. 114), Malthus, a classical economists, posited that population did tend to increase at a geometric progression while food production/output increased at an arithmetic progression which indicated that there was overuse in the fertile arrive under cultivation and the subsequent surge in population would more than worsen the disreputability of the limited food reserves. In their view, economic development would be achieved through distribution of economic wealth to the people with an engineer of enhancing the social well-being since the society was divided into haves and have-nots (Willis, 2005, p. 63).Modern economic development viewGenerally, economic develop ment is taken to mean the measure of the aim of social-economic welfare of the people in a national economy. The current focus on economic development has been the sustainability of the social welfare through poverty eradication, eliminating unemployment and eliminating inequality. In a more broader sense, there may be a buffer between economic growth and economic development in that, while economic growth will measure the rate at which the GNP and per capita income are changing, the latter may be realized with or without economic growth and it involves social and structural changes such as demographics, environmental sustainability, political relations, literacy levels, social diversity and health.According to Hoff and Stigliz (2001, p. 391), the government ands markets as the determinants of economic development coupled with institutions, wealth distribution and historical ideologies, all of which have affected the developmental patterns in the world economies especially in the development nations. While the institutions influence the direction of transaction costs in the economy, wealth distribution impacts on the economic efficiency and thus creating influence on the developmental adjustments in the economy. Mookherjee and Ray (2001, p. 118) view that wealth distribution affects saving, investment, and production structures thus influencing occupational choices and institutional adjustments that tend to explain the difference between the developed and growing economies.Measuring economic developmentAs a measure of socio-economic welfare, economic development aims at achieving various objectives which include availing and distributing human basic commodities, improving the standards of living through provision of social creature comforts and job creation, and aligning the social and economic choices available to the society. In the contemporary economic environment, the gap between the poor and developed nations has remained to widen, despite the develo ping nations having a higher economic growth rate in the late(a) years. However, the globalisation of trade has enhanced economic development especially through reorganization and reorientation of economic and social systems as well as improvement in household incomes and economic output (Todaro, 2009, p. 68).The attainment of millennium development goals according to United Nations (2009) provides a clear measure of economic development in the world economies. Despite the deadline being 2015, there has been developmental progress especially in areas related to literacy, gender equality, primary health care, global partnership and environmental sustainability. However, the HIV/Aids remains to be one of the stubbing blocks on development especially in Africa where poverty is much higher than in other parts of the world.Barriers to economic developmentThe economic crisis (as experienced recently), the food crisis, adverse climatic changes and political warfare (civil bout and extern al sanctions) have remained to be the hindrances to the attainment of the economic development (World Bank, 2009). For instance, the globalization effect has led to environmental degradation and pollution resulting to interference with climatic changes that have created threat to food production (Meier and Stiglitz, 2001, 170). In addition, recently witnessed fiscal meltdown may slow down the realization of developmental goals delinquent to its effect on investment patterns and interference with wealth distribution.ConclusionEconomic development may be differentiated from economic growth cod to the difference in measures and effects to the society. For a nation to experience economic development there must be structural adjustments that focus on the attainment of human wellbeing. Sound economic policies should be available to construe that all the fundamentals that influence economic development are communicate fully and comprehensively.

Power, Politics and Leadership in the Organization

spring, Politics and leaders in the OrganizationPMC 140Project leadPolitical Leadership in the OrganizationAbstractThe Outline of the thing is based on the male monarch, Politics and Leadership in the Organization.Design The Questionnaires ar as followsWhy Politics is important in the oeuvre how overmuch do we rick with it to achieve the reputation or position in your geological formation?What is meant by position in the organization, how it helps to achieve the leadership qualities?What de demote be the impacts on Leadership Qualities and Leaders especially in their personalityby bunking authorities and having berth in the organization?Keywords Leadership qualities, behaviour, politics in workplace. prise -The findings of this paper contri thoe to the understanding of the kins between leadership, performance, and politics in the workplace and in the public sector in particular.According to the survey from past clocks several Years and according to my belief the wor d Politics in the organization is creating the hoax to its original term. Power, Politics and Leadership are the deuce-ace important factors in the workplace that leads to the success in shortcut manner. We go forth discuss these three factors which has change the scenario of Organizations and leadership qualities.Politics in the organizationOrganizational Politics involves intentional acts of the influence to enhance or encourage the self-interest of the individuals or the groups. It is an un rule outable and basic reality. Workplace politics is a really human phenomenon that tends to arise in organizations with at least star degree of separation between authoritative decisions.Politics need non be nasty few of it put up be safe, like perhaps a music director is having a good understanding with other director over which team has better performance. This isnt a direct goal set out by the senior management, tho ultimately it posterior be concluded that a little internal competition between departments would overall improve feel.Corporate politics naturally cede something to do with lot attempting to move ahead their careers. This sometimes goes against the welfare of the company as a whole, against principles of fairness, and is generally speaking something you usually dont want to be a part of. Sometimes in that location are overly ambitious but poorly performing managers. They focus on making every matchless else look bad at all costs possible to secure their employment and promotions, which bleeds into daily operation. For congressman if two punt developers are working on the same point of intersection from different teams, and if on that point is a problem, they volition engage in eagle-eyed irrelevant work rather than constructive work.Sometimes there will be slight attempts at challenging teams. For example, lets say you are winning over a code base from someone and they intentionally offer out some vital details during the fac ts transfer. Alternatively they can look at to control on the data, they look in disposable, and hint that you cannot do the farm out that they used to do. Ultimately, if you do nothing some it, these kinds of pile will cut into trenches around you and make you look bad before senior management. sensing is everything in this kind of a nature of politics, and sadly sometimes you take in to play this support to survive. Yes some people play the game unspoilt for themselves and are dishonest in what they do. These people are the people who absorb praise for what others did and who will stab you in the back. The best way to restrain the bad people from succeeding though is to play the political game yourself. People cant take unmerited praise for what management already knows you did. on the nose if you bedevil good information and want them adopted by the association, if you want to start up promoted to the next level, if you want to defend yourself and your status, you need to play the game. Technical people hate this, but it is true. No one can manage to accept for not to be part of the political game at work. It makes you more ministrant. (what-does-politics-mean-in-a-corporate-environment, 2012)Impact of Power in the Organization and Achievements in the Leadership Qualities.Let me draw your aid to the interesting thing that guard you ever notice that the Senior Management probably knows more about whats going on at work than you?Power in the workplace can be a delicate thing. Every day, we need to get the people around us to do things. There are many another(prenominal) legal things we need others to do the report youre waiting on from another department or delegating work to those under you in the organization. But the line that defines getting work through from reinforcing your own position is a misty one at best. Thats why you want to be beaten(prenominal) with the various types of power that youre given in theworkplace. Of course, th e game of power is a tantalizing one and we cant cover every kind of authority.You have three main sources of power consumption power, expert power and birth power. Lets break down each and give examples of when to use them.Role Power Role power is theauthority that is given based on the element you play at work. Role power is the most direct kind of power for example, Managers has power over the staff who report to him. While this is the most perceivable example, role power doesnt al ways flow instantly down. You whitethorn have extra role power in a specific context, such(prenominal) as leading up a project that gives you success in your work and input from people higher up the food string than you.These roles are of people whose jobs, in reality end up creation much more important than they initially seem on documents. If youre in one of these types of roles, you may have control over valuable projects or information.The obvious way to gain more role power is toget promoted, but there are things you can do to improve in the role you have. Look at the work that makes up your day-to-day job. You can withdraw to suggest something else that could be done in this area, even if its just creating an go past spreadsheet that looks at some data in a different way. If its indispensable to the company, you want to be part of it.Expert power-Expert power is the power that comes from yourskills and information. A lot of the weight you carry at work comes from the quality of your results and the knowledge you bring to the table. Why is it that out of the whole sales team, people in your office pay more respect to the top salesman. Because whatever hes doing, its working. Hes creating results, and that makes people respect his view and listen when he speaks.Think about the experts at your work. You dont know the process, but the knowledge and the results speak for themselves. Bottom line You pay your respect the people at work who are good at what they do. The go od news is that youre continuously increasing your expert power as you continue your workingcareer. All things being equal, we apt to view those whove been doing something for longer as having more smart. Then again, we also look down on those whove done the same thing for years but are stuck in their ways and struggling. Stay dynamic Learn new skills, learn more about your business and keep bringing new ideas and new results to the table. birth power-Relationship power is the authority you have on others based on your relationship with them. Relationship power is anything in your relationship with others that makes them want to do things for you. Of the three kinds of power, relationship power is the easiest to use, as everyone has a craving to get along at work and for things to go smoothly. Even if you dont want to be friends with the people you work with, you still want to get along and get through your geezerhood as smoothly as possibly.Relationshipsare the lubricant that keep s the wheels turning smoothly. Its not just about friendship either Favours done and returned, or even contiguous replies with needed information when people ask for it can go a long way toward increasing your social power.Being generally helpful and nice is a huge start. You dont need to be an easy similarlyshie but be relaxed and help others move company projects forward. When one of your co thespians does a good job, give them credit for it. Do the occasional favor as long as youwantto do it and arent being walked on. Everyone has problems, and the day may come when you need to call in that favour. If you have extra time in the morning, bring the crew in some coffee and doughnuts one day. Dont forget, actions speak louder than words and your reputation leads you forward. It doesnt need to be a spacious signal, but a little set down here and there can build up to a healthy bank correspondence in your social-circle account.Poweris one of the oldest and most elusive games, an d there is still no definitive guide to the stuff. Just because power can never be mastered doesnt mean you shouldnt be making it work for you. Start instantly to carve out some power for yourself. By paying attention to your role, expert and relationship power, you can begin to control your leadership. (the-three-types-of-power-at-work.html)(aqureshi)Impacts on Leadership Qualities and their Personality byplaying politics and having power in the organizationAccording to the Power and Politics I want you to pull your attention on the Impacts on Leadership Qualities and the change in their Personality by playing great(p) politics in the workplace. Let me take the illustrative example of how some Boss goes mad through the office.If your boss is not impressed with you, theres a good chance that your colleagues are feeling it, too and reacting to the negative energy in turn. Anew study suggests that bullying bosses happen upon not just the victim of their anxiety, but the victims co workers as well, making life miserable for an entire group of colleagues. This phenomenon, heartbeat hand bullying, may also have an unintentional impact on the company as well, since it can seriously contact employees self-conceit and opinion of the company as a whole. The phenomenon known as ignominious direction is one of the more dysfunctional types of leadership, they point out, but its one thats gaining more notice as a very real problem in the workplace.Office bullying is defined as subordinates perceptions of the amount to which supervisors engage in the constant display of aggressive communicatory and nonverbal behaviours, excluding physical contact. And this type of psychological bullying often goes on much longer than physical abuse, since its less understandable but can be more dangerous, leaving long-lasting scars. But as mentioned, abusive watchfulness doesnt just affect the person at whom its directed it can affect an entire office. Its occurrence can extend to others second hand, as they hear about it or reckon it occurring in co workers and friends. And if it spreads to other people, it may be likely to affect employees overall perception of the company they work for and, in true domino effect, this can affect the efficiency of the company itself. In other words, its not something to be taken calmly from a social or a business perspective.To these ends, the authors wanted to measure the effects of rude supervision and explicit abusive supervision on employees frustration, the likelihood of co worker abuse, which is how supportive employees perceive their company to be. Top management needs gain education regarding the potential impacts of sensational abuse supervision on employees to prevent and mitigate the effects of such abuse. They next hope to look at the effects of both types of abusive management on people in other lines of work, and within specific companies.According to the survey and research in the industry and exploring th e real life examples of Victims who have suffered a lot in politics in the workplace, I believe that Politics is Good at its certain level to raise you in the terms of Leaders, its quality and behaviour, but its bad also as when you mess with it in wrong manner. It can bring a person from Rags to Riches or viceversa.So we should often play Politics in the workplace. (Walton, 2013)Bibliographyaqureshi. (n.d.). power-politics-and-leadership. Retrieved from http//www.slideshare.net http//www.slideshare.net/aqureshi101/5-power-politics-and-leadershipthe-three-types-of-power-at-work.html. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//ca.askmen.com http//ca.askmen.com/money/career_300/304_the-three-types-of-power-at-work.htmlWalton, A. G. (2013, 7 2). http//www.forbes.com/sitesthe-dark-side-of-leadership-the-impact-of-a-bad-boss-can-go-viral-though-the-office/. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com http//www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2013/02/07/the-dark-side-of-leadership-the-impact-of-a-bad-boss-can-go -viral-though-the-office/what-does-politics-mean-in-a-corporate-environment. (2012, 10 3). Retrieved from http//workplace.stackexchange.com http//workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/4288/what-does-politics-mean-in-a-corporate-environment

Pet Tracking Solution in India

ducky Tracking Solution in IndiaGPS en qualifiedd nick in the collar c solelyed Pet Tracker, which is de foreshortened itemally to track, Identify your front-runner if it gets unconnected.1client AnalysisPets fulfill a larger role than just world a companion they ar let on of the family, and in some cases, considered as your children. For such(prenominal) owners loss of a deary becomes a traumatic set about sex as it is difficult to locate and recover a lost fondle and the whole exercise becomes a nightmare. Another problem being go about by a large add of court owners is that, while on vacation, or in their absence at ca using up, there is no right smart to keep a track on their fondles since most of the era the pets are either kept in a local anesthetic shelter or with their neighbors.Pet industry in India is a multimillion dollar industry and has freehanded to approx. $900 million with a steady double-digit growth every category (Euro Monitor, 2011).2 matc h to an estimate, in 2011, there were approximately 10 million pets in India and the flake is growing by approximately 600000 per year in the Indian pet trade. Some of the reasons for this growth smoke be attributed to the increase in pet adoption, rising incomes coupled with the increased trend for companionship, interest in owning business line and growing awareness amongst the owners to take proper care of their pets.TargetPet Owners impart be our target market. We also understand that not all pet owners exit be buying our point of intersection as such we allow for target the segment that consciously needs the preventative and security of their pets and who are looking for a solution to get a stay of consciousness in this regard. There is, however, no set season congregation that we can target, as owners of all ages would need this facility the future(a) groups of pet owners generate be our primary targetArdent pet lovers resembling Child-less and working Coup lesOwners of Pedigree dogs and high-end expensive petsPeople who already have pet neck ruff but do not have real beat bring in facilityPet Groomers and Premium pet food buyersWe get out initially target clients in the middle and high-income group living in the four major metropolitan cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Calcutta in India. The estimated market size for premium pet care ingathering is well-nigh receipts Million USD 3 which includes reapings like daily hygiene, premium pet food, pet sitting, pet parties, spas and other Premium services. We are confident that our product will retract most pet lovers in this segment however, sluice if we get around 1% of the targeted customers, we should be able to make a sizeable door into the market in the first year and as the customer radical grows we will try to increase our market share in the future. We do underhand our product whitethorn not succeed or inventory owners may not keep our product and we have create a strong brand via delivering quality and amazing customer service.4(Threats).The main melody or frustrations I see for this segments areUnable to track their lost Pet.Dont have an easy and accessible one-stop solution to secure all safety and security requirements for the pet.The major gains that customer would be looking for are prevail one solution for appellative and bring in of their pets and be able to ingestion the tuition in implementr-friendly way.Get a peace of mind while on vacation, or busy at work or having a Pedigree Pet.Value Proposition / PositioningProduct The pr straits is for Pet Tracker smart phone App that works with a micro chip which will be sold with a plain collar or can be installed on any existing collar. This chip will be installed in a way that it is not easily identifiable. If compulsory it can also be implanted on to the pet, however, this method may not be acceptable to most pet lovers. The app will lay in all the information about the owner and the pet. Each pet will be allotted a unique identification number for update all information in a aimr-friendly way, and tracking the arrangement of the pet. We hope to please all pet lovers who are looking for a way to keep their pets safe and secure. See Appendix 2 5collaboration Our App will be based on GPS tracking system we will collaborate with GPS service providers like Google maps for real- time tracking.Competition Our product will have a comparative advantage over the others in the market as it will allow users to additionally track their pets. The existing collars in the market do not provide this facility. Real time tracking of pets will be the Unique selling Proposition for our product. 6Price dickens pricing solutions will be offeredIdentificationFor customers who only want to use the app and the nab and do not need tracking, the app/Collar will be sold through Apple and Google play stores at a former(prenominal) nominal charge of $100.TrackingFor customers w ho want both identification and tracking the app and the collar would be free but the customer would sign a contract for a monthly subscription of $7 or yearly subscription of $50 will be charged for tracking purposes.7DistributionWe will offer our app and chip through the following channelsPet supplies storesPet fertilisation boutiquesVets and animal sheltersOnline through our websiteMedia Based sales,, e.g. Facebook, twitter (for wide coverage)We will use various methods to determine demand through a survey of buyers intentions, other(prenominal) sales analysis and market-test method.PromotionSince we are providing a new product in this market we will aggressively promote our product through, strike and other media, physical display at vantage points, and live demonstrations at pet stores etc.Appendix -1 Customer Motivation ( arts Pains and Gains)Job to be done1 Provide safety and security for Pets2 Provides Tracking Facility and identification3 Storage of all information abou t the pet and owner.PainsHave to spend lot of time and money to look for lost petDifficult to prove the man-to-manity when pet is recovered at KennelCant keep a track of my pet when left with a pet sitter.GainsGives pet owners a peace of mind that their pet is safe and secureHelps one cerebrate on other things rather the pet during vacations or when at workEasy to track and identify the pet when it found at the local kennel or animal shelter.ProposalWe plan to introduce a GPS enabled collar called Pet Tracker which is designed specifically to track and protect a pet from getting lost. Pet Tracker is an innovative creation keeping the specific requirements of the pet owners in India and will be very useful for this coterie of pet owners. Pet Tracker will cater to all breeds of pets and will be available in multiple collar sizes and designs.Appendix -2 Customer sortMotivation Safety and security of the Pet and an assurance that the pet can be tracked real time, is the main motiva tion for a pet owner to go in for this product. The pet owners can concentrate on other grievous issues without worrying about the safety of their pets.Consideration -ThreatsIn India there are Apps that provide a collar for the identification part of our product, but do not provide for the Tracking. If our Tracking Maps are not precise and efficient, we may not be able to get customers to sign up for longer periods. We will also have to constantly up grade and fine tune our product to compete with the new entrants in the market. New and innovative schemes will be implemented to keep our true-blue customer base. Our product will have to have an edge ever over the other similar products in the market. The market threats will have to be timely identified and intelligently overcome. Our main focus would be on delivering quality and customer service so that we are able to make a brand image in the market. We have to lead the Pet Store owners via the word of mouth effect where custome rs start demanding our product and then the pet stores will be eager to put our Collar in their Shelves.EvaluationAs there are no products shortly in the market which provide tracking of pets, the challenge therefore, will be to position our product ably on the attributes which show how it can provide value addition over the existing products. The key Attribute and wildness will be on the tracking information.Appendix -3 Actions ControlsAction The close to purchase our product would be entirely based on the individual pet owners. Not all pet owners would be interested in our product. Some may just by the Collar and the Chip for identification purposes and others may buy a collar with tracking facility.Controls We will stride merchandise performance to increase efficiency of our resource allocations. As marketing costs account for a large portion of the total operating(a) cypher, setting up methods to evaluate and measure these marketing efforts will be a proper use of the busi nesss budget. The outcome of these measures will benefit us in the long run by becoming more bankable with increased sales and decrease in expenses and costs. The goal will be to sell enough units by projecting sales targets (monthly, quarterly and annually) to get to a break-even point during the first year. A large portion of the budget for advertising will be allocated during the first year of business, to ensure product survival and prepare for the possible increased competition in the following years. Continued product improvement and RD will be another important factor kept in mind.Appendix 4Break notwithstanding analysisManufacturing CostThe cost of producing a pet tracker collar (includes the chip) is pass judgment to be $35 ($1= INR70) taking into account all expenses on material, research, administrative costs.Variable Costs (VC) $15 (Promotion, Distribution etc.)Cost of product (FC) 5000* 35 = $175, 0000Overhead (staff, server, rent) = $40,000 a yearSales Price fo r the Collar and Chip (P) = $100Estimated breakeven= FC / (P-VC)= $215000/ ($100-$15) = 2550 Customers approx.This shows that we will break even if we have at least 2550 customers against the estimated 5000.Revenue GPS Tracking = 1000*$50 = $50000 a yearThe revenue is based on our ability to get 1000 customer to sign up for tracking service in the first year. This number will grow in the following years.Appendix -5 Penetration = commercialise size1 Its going to a small market = around 1% of the total customer base.2 There is no age group that we can specifically target. Pet owners of multiple age groups would use our product.3 There are some Apps already available in the market, however, these are only for identification and none of them offers a solution for tracking.4 We will continue to update our product and bring in new features to achieve and retain a number one position in the market.1 enrapture See Appendix 1 for Proposal2http//www.euromonitor.com/pet-care-in-india/report3 http//www.iiptf.com/aboutus.php? foliate=About_Fairhttp//www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/3180-indian-pet-care-market-to-reach-us-144-8-million-by-20154 enliven see threats to our product in appendix 25 Please see Appendix 2 for Customer Motivation and Threats to our Product6 Please see Appendix 3 for Controls7 Please see Break Even analysis

Advantages Or Disadvantages To Popular Tourist Areas

Advantages Or Disadvantages To Popular Tourist Areas on that point is no doubt that modern touring carry has become one of the biggest usual industries in the world nowadays. It is an activity in which pile tin recreate and relax themselves. Furthermore, it seems that touring carry non and can improve the transportation and most public facilities of a country, simply also it can improve topical anaesthetic operate such as entertainment, accommodation, catering and hospital for holidaymakers and topical anaesthetic people. For another thing, touristry stimulates the growth of local economy. Even more, prominent numbers of organizations and governments invest much bullion in this pains at present. However, this essay will elaborate advantages and disadvantages of the way in which modern tourism affects the popular tourist areas in relations to the local services, local economy and milieu and the local people.For one thing, one study advantage of tourism is the fac t that evolution travel industry can stimulate the popular tourist areas consumption ability and economy. According to the OVTA, on that point are 12 billion visitors who travel to Ottawa and consume 128 gazillion dollars distributively yr. Moreover, the development of tourism demands to generating 45 million dollars income for the local government per year (Chase, 2011). In addition, China National Tourism Administration showed that there is a 15 percent increase of the price level of products which selling in the Middle East and Europe during the New Year holidays, compared to their daily price. However, these increases pass some stupors on ecnomy and it is reported that in 2010, 52 million Chinese people travelled abroad (Lixia, 2011). For another thing, tourism industry any can increase peoples income and the rate of avocation. As David Cameron says in Barnett (2010), if the UK tourism industry can attract 0.5% more international tourists, this could generate 50,000 ne w jobs for local citizens. Thus, it is obvious that tourism directly increase the employment rate because those industries like accommodation, tour, travel operations and factories manufacturing can provide large numbers of employment opportunities for the local people (Nworisara, 2011). These business operations invisibly generate large revenue to the government. Therefore, most countries or investors make huge investments in the tourism industry because of its potential of boosting economic growth. Thus, developing tourism industry is the master(prenominal)(prenominal) contributor of the stimulation of the local economy.Furthermore, tourism plays an important role on improving the existent standards of the local people by improving communitys facilities and services. It can be seen that Hong Kong has become a famous and popular attraction, whether for mainland people or international people nowadays. What is more, it is reported that the Tourism Commission invested HK$50 milli on to improve the tourism infrastructural. For example, it would improve the scenic square, the public facilities at Lantau Ngong rap 360, the pedestrian bridge at the east of Tsim Sha Tsui, and upgrade some tourism signboards for tourists. at any rate that, Hong Kong would improve the services of online ticket-selling, which make more convenient for tourists (Mercier, 2009). There is no doubt that these kinds of infrastructures and facilities will considerably pull ahead for the local people and improve their living standards. Besides that, the transportation and public services generate an impact on the tourism industry, which also influence the local peoples living standards and the tourism industry itself. Take Beijing as an example in order to welcome the Olympics Games, the government of China made regulations to improve environment and repair the tourism resources, public services and facilities. During the period of Olympics Games, ten million tourists visited Beijing an d there was no complaint or dissatisfaction with the hotels, public services and attractions (Alcantara, 2010). If facilities or services are not improved and cause tourists dozens of inconvenient, this will easily push them to give up or flip their travel plans.Finally, it seems that it is a good opportunity to treasure the finale and inheritance when developing modern tourism. The WTO estimates that there would be an increase of 15% in the areas of cultural tourism each year (Nworisara, 2011). Most tourists are will to spend money to nail and on a tear down floorstand disparate cultures and tradition of different countries. Taking the European tourism industry as an example, a growing number of people prefer to visit Europe, especially Italy, France, Spain and so on. The main reason is that the governments of those countries understand the vastness of the heritage and history of a country. It is a character or symbol of that country. Thus, the government is willing to s pend money remodeling and restoring the heritage. For instance, the Indian government regarded Jammu and Kashmir as a heritage attraction for visitors. Thus, it foucuse on it and started to protect it to attract tourists (Naseem, 2009). It is well know that protecting a countrys culture and heritage is a big challenge, but it is very important because they incorporate the identity of the country. Moreover, visitors can understand deeply the local culture scarce by visiting it. Thus, in order to attract more tourists to popular tourist areas, both the government and the tourism industry confine a responsibility to preserve the local heritage and culture.However, firstly, it must be admitted that tourism brings many disadvantages. With push through doubt the most obvious disadvantage is that tourism has damaging effects on the local environment and the eco-system. For instance, it is well cognize that the Hawaiian eco-system is the most diverse in the world. Nevertheless, due to the development of tourism industry, a large number of infrastructures such as hotels and restaurants were built, leading to the local environments deterioration. Besides that, it is reported that 60% of animal and plant species are dying extinct in Hawaii (Darowski, Strilchuk, Sorochuk Provost, 2006). Bali is another example it has been found that six tourist beaches, which include Kuta, Legian, Nusa Dua, Jimbaran, Tanjung Benoa and Canggue are contaminated. This is because the hook from hotels, restaurants and other hospitality and tourist-related businesses cannot be plugt with in effect (Kencana A., 2010). It is obvious that a lot of businessmen do not precaution if the environment becomes bad, they just consider whether they can earn money or not. In addition, a number of tourists have the bad habit of throwing waste everywhere. Thus, the local environment becomes worse and influences the eco-systems.Secondly, tourism has a bad impact on the society and culture of the popu lar tourist areas. For example, it is well known that Indonesia is a special country which has a special cultural history. However, in order to attract more tourists and meet their needs, some original customs have changed, such as dances performed only in every 60 years while nowadays they are performed weekly. Besides that, original temples used to be quiet places while today they are always overcrowded with tourists. In addition, masks, costumes and jewelry which were used for religious rituals, have a special and unmatched meaning. In order to earn money, companies produce these productions largely and sell them in antique shops. Even more, most arts forms such as paintings and sculptures have been adjusted according to the taste of the current market. Furthermore, it seems that these cultural and social changes not only influence the local people, but also it may lead people to forget the original culture due to the commercial influences. For instance, in order to earn more mo ney, investors have driven local communities out of their lands and even beaches, which influence the temples and local people of Bali. The resorts also would threaten the temples cosmogenic primacy (Wijaya, 2008).Thirdly, although the development of tourism has lots of advantages, however, it often do some wrong behaviors from local people and industry. For instance, when they lack employees in the peak season, some hotels and restaurants get in low skilled people or people who are under 18 years old. Even more, lots of illegal migrants are working(a) in tourism and hospitality industry. It is reported that there are rough 12 million illegal immigrant people in the United States, and the American Tourism and Hospitality industry employed them because they would pay them a lower wage. In fact, it is argued that these illegal immigrants are substitutes for low-skilled workers (Fedeli, 2010). It seems that recruiting employees who are low-skilled and unprofessional is only benefi t to the companies because they get low salaries. Actually, this is not good for the tourists because it easily causes troubles as these employees cannot deal with at urgent situations. Thus, it gives unsafe feeling to the tourists and that leads to hinder the development of tourism industry and also gives a bad imagine to this popular tourist areas.In conclusion, it is clear that there could be great benefits to develop the tourist industry if governments and companies take the local environment into consideration. Furthermore, if all tourists obeyed the local rules and culture, the ravishing attractions will not be contaminated. What is more, if each person is aware of the importance of protecting our history and culture, the tourism industry can develop weaken and more and more people can have the opportunity to search the history of the popular tourist areas. There is no doubt that developing tourism industry is essential and one of the reasons for this is that people can lea rn more about this world. Therefore, each person has a responsibility to protect the popular tourist areas.Word count 1526