The issue of tragedy Essay Example for Free

The issue of cataclysm EssayThe term, calamity, by dictionary definition, squeeze out be be as A story with a sad or unhappy ending. (Arthur Miller, disaster and the Common Man). Although at that place is some truth to this, the true definition of calamity goes much deeper. The nonion of disaster has been a come out of English literature since the beginning of the Classical times. Tragedy is available in almost all literary forms, such as, novels, play wrights, film, etc. Shakespe ar, for example, has written numerous world ren avouched tragedies since the turn of the s pull downteenth century. quadruplet centuries later, with all the changes to the world of literature, tragedy expands to prevail, as a popular form of literature.Through comparing and distinguish William Shakespeares, juncture, with Arthur Millers, remainder of a Salesman, it is clear that tragedy continues to have m each of the same features as it did so gigantic ago and it continues to appeal to earshots today. This is demonstrated through the tragical hero, the heros tragic stigma, and the catharsis. With these three ele ments included, a more lay fill definition of tragedy is defined by Aristotle as, the imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude, in words embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the playthrough condolence and cultism effecting the proper purgation of these emotions. (Aristotle, The Poetics).Although each and e truly tragedy is slightly different or even quite dissimilar, every true tragedy includes the presence of a tragic hero. The tragic hero can be defined as man as both beautiful and terrible (Class notes, Tragedy and The sad Hero). It is most often the heros unjustified life which turns his story into a tragedy. The tragic hero has been a slender role since the beginning of tragedies and it continues to be today. However, views of how the hero shoul d rank in society, have changed over time. According to Aristotle, it is estimation that the heros position in society is to be much above the average man. Aristotle defines the hero to be a character of noble stature and has greatness. (Aristotle, Aristotles Idea of Tragedy).This can be seen in Shakespearean time, through such plays as, crossroads. Hamlets noble stature comes from his position as a prince he is the son ofthe late king and nephew to the stark naked king. Hamlets strong loyalty and dedication to his family has been interpreted as his greatness by many critics. This can be seen as Hamlet learns the truth about his fathers death, and his father asks him to seek revenge on his uncle, the new king, rush me to knowt, that I, with followgs as swift As meditation or the thoughts of love, May sweep to my revenge. (Shakespeare, Hamlet, III, v, 23-24). Hamlet reveals that he will do whatever it takes to seek revenge upon his uncle and is not worried about the consequences . With this quote, It becomes obvious that Hamlet is in fact the tragic hero of the play.Although it is partly the consistency of tragic heroism that sop ups viewers to tragedy today, the status of the tragic hero has been viewed differently by great philosophers today, than it was hundreds of years ago. Arthur Miller, for example, believes that the common man is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were. (Arthur Miller, Tragedy and the Common Man). The tragic hero, Willy Loman, in Arthur Millers, remnant of a Salesman , unquestionably conforms to this description. Willy Loman is a common man, which is evident through his family life, his career as a salesman, and his position in society.Viewers can easily identify with him, which further classifies him as a tragic hero. Although Willy is a common man, he appease has some greatness. His greatness lies in his struggle to claim some shred of dignity. He fights back against a system that is bigger than he is, t hat destroys little men like him. He demonstrates an ability for self sacrifice. (Class notes, Death of a Salesman- Is it a Tragedy). This is demonstrated through Willys treatment with Howard about getting further ahead in his rail line, You cant eat the orange and throwthe discase away-a man is not a piece of fruit. (Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, pg. 84).Willy is attempting to justify his position in society and fight back against the system, which he inevitably fails miserably at doing. By comparing Shakespeares Hamlet with Willy Loman in Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman, it is evident that the tragic hero is a key element to every tragedy. Although their positions in society are slightly different theyboth posses qualities of greatness and will finally be damn by these qualities. A tragedy would not be a true tragedy without the presence of the tragic hero, which is why audiences are still attracted to tragedies after hundreds of years.Although the tragic hero is ac claimed to be deemed with the qualities of greatness, the tragic hero is surely not perfect. In fact, this strong imperfection is know as the heros tragic flaw. The heros tragic flaw is what distinguishes him from any other character. This can be seen in both Death of a Salesman and Hamlet. It may be merely this unique tragic flaw which continually attracts audiences to tragedies today. The heros tragic flaw is unique to each character and it is what makes him/her a true tragic hero. In Shakespeares, Hamlet, Hamlets tragic flaw comes from his boundless loyalty to his family. It is because he strives to follow his fathers orders to the inviolable fullest that he eventually causes his own demise.Hamlet is overly passionate, indecisive, excessively intellectual, and overly infantile. He has never vainglorious up. Hamlet suffers from oedipus complex and cannot accept the reality that he has a mother with sexual needs. It is his tragic flaw which make Hamlet bound for destruction. Th is becomes evident to the audience when Hamlet is in his mothers room and hears a scream, without aspect he assumes it is the voice of Claudius, How now, a rat? Dead for a ducat, dead. Makes a pass through the arras, Polonius move and dies. (Hamlet, III, iv, 72) This is Hamlets character flaw, he doesnt think before he acts, he simply wants to follow his fathers commands to the fullest and so he acts with excessive passion.The tragic hero always has the potential to excel in his greatness but he/she inevitably succumbs to his/her weaknesses/tragic flaw. (Class notes, Tragedy and the Tragic Hero). The tragic hero, Hamlet, is very different from Death of a Salesmans tragic hero, Willy Loman, yet the tradition of the tragic flaw continues. Willy Lomans tragic flaw differs dramatically from Hamlet, yet audiences are still attracted to the tragic flaw today as much as they were in Shakespearean time. In Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans tragic flaw comes from the unnece ssary, immense importance he puts upon success, class, and respect through the eyes of society. Willy becomes ghost with obtaining a high position in society that it becomes his only reason for lifespan.It is his tragic flaw which eventually leads him to his own death. As Arthur Miller comments, the tragic expression is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who is ready to lay down his life if need be, to secure unity thing- his sense of personal dignity. (Arthur Miller, Tragedy and The Common Man). This describes Willy Loman exactly. The feeling of pity is evoked in viewers because Willys tragic flaw is so easy to identify with. Willys flaw has good intentions, for he wants Biff to follow in his footsteps and benefit from his values, but Willys true flaw is his blindness to see that his obsession with these values is causing his own demise.This is demonstrated when Willy gives his two sons advice about getting ahead in the world the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates a personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want. (Miller, Death of a Salesman, Pg 33) Obtaining a high position in society and being respected in the business world are what Willy feels are the most important aspects of life. As Bradley writes, The tragic hero need not be good, but should have so much of greatness that in his error and fall we are vividly conscious of the possibilities of human nature. (Class notes, Tragedy and The Tragic Hero). The feeling evoked is that if waste.Both Hamlet and Willy had great possibilities in life but the blindness of their tragic fall caused them to waste their chances and waste their life. This expected tragic feeling has remained constant over time and is what continues to appeal to audiences time and time again.Tragedies are literary works which are continually filled with pain, destruction, and most often death. However, through this suffering, the tragic concept is that man endures and gains through suffering. (Class notes, Tragedy and the Tragic Hero) The destruction in each tragedy is never meaningless, it has significant relevance. Although, emotions are aroused, tragedy does not cave in viewers feeling depressed. The goal of a tragedy is to leave viewers in a state of catharsis.The word catharsis implies that tragedy purges, removes, or unclogs negative emotions, such as pity and fear that build up within the human spirit. (Some thoughts About Tragedy, bothliterary and mundane) Tragedy cleanses, purifies, and thus rids viewers of negative emotions, such as, anger, pity, and fear, and turns them into something good. Viewers endure the tragedy but then gain through suffering by purifying their unhealthy emotions into something healthy. Catharsism is evident in both Hamlet and Death of a Salesman and it continues to attract viewers to tragedies today, as it did hundreds of years ago.At the end of Hamlet, viewers are left with a very negati ve scene of blood, and many meaningless deaths. As depressing as it may seem, it is not meant to leave the audience feeling depressed. The audience is left with a feeling of cleansing, ridding any feelings of revenge. Viewers accept a feeling of a new beginning, due to the prior line of madness being destructed. Hamlet displays a portion of this optimism just before his death, Give me the cup. Let go. By heaven, Ill havet. O God, Horatio, what a hurt name, Things standing thus unknown, shall live behind me If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from ecstasy awhile, And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain To tell my story (Hamlet, v, ii, 120).Although Hamlet is dying, he asks for his story to be told so others can benefit from the story of his life. It turns a depressing imprint into something optimistic. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman follows this same trait. Without personally reading or viewing, Death of a Salesman, matchless office think that Willy Loman taking his own life is a very depressing notion. However, like Hamlet, Death of a Salesman leaves the audience with the feeling of a catharsis when Willys life tragically ends. Audiences can easily relate to Willy Loman in his time of despair, as he fails again and again to obtain recognition from society.It is his entire reason for living until he eventually gives up and lays down his life in order for Biff to benefit. The tragedy allows the audience to purge themselves of feelings of pity and fear due to the strong connection with Willys character. Happy realizes what Willy has done for Biff and as he stands at his fathers funeral, Happy defends Willy by saying Im gonna show you and everybody else that Willy Loman did not die in vain. He had a good dream. Its the only dream you can have-to come out number-one man. He fought it out here, and this is where Im gonna win it for him. (Miller, Death of aSalesman, Pg. 138-139).The audience realizes that Willy has almost turned his own defeat into a triumph, which replaces any negative emotions, with positive ones. There is no doubt that in every tragedy, there is endless suffering and destruction, withal it is ones recognition with these feelings which allows the audience to cleanse themselves of these emotions and gain through the suffering. These qualities have been a large component of tragedy since tragedy began and continue to attract and appeal to audiences today.Tragedies are often extremely varied and each one is slightly different. The content of tragedies can be extremely diverse and often have nothing in common with any other tragedy. However, there are a few components which must be inclose in every true tragedy.Three important aspects which are contained in every true tragedy is the tragic hero, the heros tragic flaw, and the catharsis. This becomes evident through comparing and contrasting William Shakespeares, Hamlet, with Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman. It is these features which allow tragedy to appeal to audiences today, just as much as they did hundreds of years ago. Tragedies have been popular for centuries and they will continue to be popular for centuries to come.

A career in Education Essay Example for Free

A cargoner in Education canvassBeing a teacher is a cargoner that I sire always desired to arrive ever since I was a young girl. It was at the end of my elementary years when I rootage decided I wanted to become a teacher I thought it was a self-possessed job to conduct. When I was younger I use to think how cool it would be to be in control of the whole class, it was like being the boss. When I reached high tutor I decided that I wanted to become an elementary teacher. I started to realize how interested I was in breeding almost children and how much I loved being around them. This is when I knew that pursuing a c atomic number 18r in teaching is what would make me the happiest.People flip their own opinions on how they portray teachers. few may work out them as mean and controlling, while others might see them as guidance in their educational life. I feel teachers make a difference in the life and future of their students. Teachers are educators as s comfortably as advisors. They second and give guidance to students in their educational choices, and day to day life. TV sitcoms are what I feel live with influenced these stereotypes upon teachers. On some TV sitcoms teachers are portrayed as sometime(a) women that are mean and always out to sabotage the students life. Other sitcoms portray the teachers as young women that are sweet and caring. This is why some may stereotype teachers as annoying and always trying to notify you how to live your life, or as a kind and helpful teacher.See moreManifest flock essayWhen one becomes a teacher there are some good things and not so good things, middling as any other job. The pros about becoming a teacher are that one is able to influence children to become the best that they can be and knowing that one do a difference in someones life. Another pro is having an opportunity to help children learn and get present with new thoughts. Some other good qualities are that teachers shed steady daytime hours with the weekend off. They have excellent vacation days and often quite longer than any other occupations. With having most of the spend off, it gives the teacher more time to spend with their family or do anything else that sine qua nons to get done. The cons would be when you have a problem child in your class. Teachers have to have patience and learn how to work with try students. Teaching can sometimes be a bit stressful at times because you have to work and help with everyones problems. Also, a teachers salary isnot very lucrative.The requirements for becoming a teacher are that you must have a bachelors degree from an accredited college or university. You must complete teacher fostering through an approved program. The programs are offered through colleges and universities, school districts, regional service centers, community colleges, and other entities. You must successfully complete the appropriate teacher certification tests for the subject and grade level you wish to teach. in that location are many different resources that allow for help requital for a teacher training program. there is the Teach for Texas program, which offers conditional grants to help some future teachers with expenses if those individuals agree to teach in Texas universe schools for a specified period of time.The Teacher for America, offers cash awards that can be applied to past student loans or future educational costs for recent college graduates who commit to teaching in urban and rural public schools for two years. The Certified Educational Aide Exemption Program, is another program that Texas offers tuition exemptions for some educational aides seeking to become certified teachers. These are some of the programs and grants that are specifically designed to help individuals become teachers. The kickoff salary of a teacher varies, depending on the district they work for. Texas teacher starting salaries, for a teacher with a bachelors degree and no teaching experience is $43,216. The more experience they have the higher the pay will be. Also, if they teach in a district with a lot of students the pay will be higher.When becoming an elementary teacher the number one thing the teacher should posses is patience. They need to be able to communicate well with the parent, and have a good relationship with them. They need to reckon a high quality educational experience. The teacher must have a sense of brainpower because children can tend to say some crazy things at times. You will have to learn to just laugh about it and not take things to seriously. They must be kind and loving. Teachers need to have a happy attitude, because children can sense when you are not having a good day and it can incite the childrens learning environment.A great teacher creates a sense of community and belonging in the classroom. They have a variety of activities for the day that will keep a childs attention. The environment of the class should be take and co lorful. Children will feel more comfortable, and encouraged to do well in a friendly classroom. When working(a) with children it is a good idea to put comments on their papers like great job. It shows them that they are doing well and should keep up the good work.Teachers will be responsible for preparing and delivering age-appropriate lessons, giving and grading tests and homework, working with children one after another and as a class and maintaining an orderly and gamblingctional classroom environment. Other tasks may include face-off with parents to discuss their childs progress and working with parents and other staff members to track and assist children in making progress. Some additional tasks teacher can do are after school tutoring and victorious children on fun and educational field trips.Becoming an elementary teacher is a career that I know will make me happy, and a goal I plan to accomplish. Since high school I have been taking classes that will give me some experi ence and help me pursue my career. During my senior year of high school I was in a class that would allow the student to be an assistant aide to a teacher. I was assigned to a first grade class and loved it. It was a good learning experience and gave me the opportunity to see what activities went on during the class. I learned a lot from the teacher and swear to carry on some of her good tactics in my future class. For me, becoming a teacher is a career I have always desired and plan to work hard for.

Body Art and Ornamentation Essay Example for Free

Body Art and Ornamentation Essay in that respect is no assimilation in which people do not, or did not paint, pierce, tattoo, reshape, or simply induct their bodies (Schildkrout, 2001). Throughout history, consistence graphics and embroidery has become a worldwide phenomenon and has played a report role in our lives, provided there is a neighborly stigma which we hindquartersnot seem to rid ourselves of. It is most commonly misunderstood and misinterpreted which can be attributed to the fact that the symbolism and significance of the corpse dodge and/or medallion doesnt al directions translate the same among the goals. Although Western culture placements em corpse art and laurel wreath as being associated with mischief and rebellion, Nipp iodinse and African cultures use it as a agency of expressing spirituality as salubrious as cultural expression. The existence of body art and decoration can be traced all the way back thirty thousand years or more back to w hen cavemen move pictures on the cave walls. According to Kuhn Stiner (n.d.), the alteration and enhancement of peerlesss body originated from the Kapthurin formation in Kenya. Anthropologists even believe that body art and ornamentation was present during the Middle Pleistocene in some(prenominal) Eurasia and Africa.Expression and art be two factors that play a fundamental part in African culture. According to Clarke (2006), many African societies symbolically view body art and ornamentation as a special role in guiding ones destiny and success, mediating between world of the maintenance as well as the spiritual world, expressing community ideals, defining power and leadership, protecting and healing, and celebrating or keep the cycles of life, human and agricultural.African culture uses a variety of ways to display their body art and ornamentation depending on which society they live in. These ways entangle incorporating shells, teeth, or claws into their clothing or jewel ry, wearing color in body paint, exaggerating human features (i.e. elongation of the neck), gauging piercings in the ears and/or lip, scarification, and tattooing. Looking from an another(prenominal)(prenominal) cultures perspective, the various forms of African body art and ornamentation are seen as being weird, out of the ordinary, and we dont understand the importance they hold within these African cultures. On the other hand, there are other cultures such as the Japanese, who or else of outwardly portraying their body art and ornamentation will instead conceal it so it wont be visible at all.The first signs of body art and ornamentation which appear in the Japanese culture were first noted as originating all the way back to AD 297 (Rapp, 2010). Back then, tattoos would signify which occupational group certain men belonged to and men, both adolescent and old, would get tattoos all over their bodies including their faces. Men would even go as far as getting full body tattoos which could be found on laborers, firemen, and gangsters (Hopkins-Tanne, 2000). The Chinese rolled all Japanese tattoos an act of language and was perceived as being extremely negative. The body art and ornamentation that exists and has existed within the Japanese culture spreads beyond just tattooing and there are a few other methods that they used. First, many married Japanese women or courtesan in the 10th through 19th centuries would apply a paste to their teeth which would blacken them (Schildkrout, 2001). This was considered as being beautiful as well as sexually appealing to where as we would view that as abnormal and ugly. Secondly, they would bind the womens feet in order to make them smaller and the litigate was extremely excruciating, but again, it was considered as being beautiful.The pain that was felt and the blood that was shed served as an whirl to the gods, ancestors, and spirits (2001). On the other end of the spectrum, culture within the United States has a sp lit view regarding body art and ornamentation. In the United States, forms of body art and ornamentation can include tattoos, piercings, branding, corseting, scarification, gauging the earlobe, make-up, plastic surgery, and dental implants (Schwarz, 2006). We live in a society where we idolize and preach the importance of physical attractiveness. In insideng so, there is the separation of individuals into five antithetical groups that exist within the social structure. The five groups include the conformist group, the innovators, ritualists, retreatists, and the rebellion group (Rapp, 2010). The conformist group consists of individuals who understand and accept the emphasis on the sweetheart of the body in its natural state and the only type of body art or ornamentation thats used is superficial. On the other hand, the individuals who are classified as innovators accept the whole concept of the beauty of the natural body, but go to the extremes to achieve this. The individuals w ho refuse to conform to what society has deemed as beautiful yet maintains a natural body and stays within certain bounds regarding body art and ornamentation. Retreatists include individuals who dont abide by the guidelines of proper hygiene as well as body art and ornamentation and wont acknowledge the beauty of the natural body. Lastly, there are individuals who are set out to change the social structure and bring about a new descriptor of body art and ornamentation and they make up the rebellion group (2010). Nowadays, in American culture we see body art and ornamentation, such as tattoos and piercings, as being acceptable as well as fashionable. Its not uncommon to see people fork over a variety of body art, ornamentation, and body modification performed. The majority of people go and get tattoos when they experience a pivotal catch in their lives as well as trying to create a sense of identity for themselves.Everyone tries to be original in their own way, but the end result is the creation and growth of conformity. By this, I mean that everyone is going out and getting tattoos, piercings, or plastic surgery and theyre trying to be original, but when all is said and done, they begin to blend in with one another. No issue what people say or do, a stigma has remained attached to all the various kinds of body art and ornamentation. According to Schwarz (2006), tattoos continue to not be entirely accepted and are a barrier to the stinting success which is central to the American dream. For example, most employers have rules for their employees stating that they cannot have any visible tattoos and/or piercings that are visible to the public. This could be partly because there are individuals that could be offended and businesses could suffer from a loss of customers and sales. In the American culture, tattoos are not acceptable in a number of situations curiously when it has to do with the general public (2006). The highest percentage of the American cultu re that has body art and ornamentation can be found in the younger generations. Many teens go through a period in their lives where they feel the need to rebel against the social norm especially to spite their parents. Their choices of body art and ornamentation are indicative of their attitudes and values (Crapo, 2013). Attitudes are statements of ones preferences while values are what we consider good or bad (2013). This plays into why certain individuals look down upon body art and ornamentation and end up enforcing the negative stigma. In conclusion, the implementation of body art and ornamentation is a designated way of indicating the various cultural differences that exist within cultures worldwide. The main reason there has been the rise in the popularity of body art and ornamentation is a result of cultural commercialism. Despite how hard we try to eliminate the social stigma of body art and ornamentation, it will never completely be gone. Unfortunately, we cant have everyon es personal opinion be the same as one another, but there is one thing that we can do. We can make the effort to educate the various cultures on one another so that we are able to comprehend the vocabulary that is used, the meaning of symbols, myths and legends, and social values. People in different cultures continue focusing on the negative aspects of body art and ornamentation, but if we were able to understand one another, the idea of peace on earth isnt that far out of reach.ReferencesClarke, C. (2006). The art of africa A reply for educators. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved from Ebscohost database Crapo, R.H. (2013). Cultural anthropology. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education Hopkins-Tanne, J. (2000). Body art Marks of identity. British Medical Journal. doi 320(7226)64 Kappeler, P., Stahl, J., Wohlrab, S. (2006). Modifying the body Motivations for getting tattooed and pierced. Science Direct Body Image 4, 87-95. Retrieved from http//www.sociodep.hku.hk/bbf/BBF%20Rea dings%20W12/W12%20Modifying_the_Body.pdf Kuhn, S.L. Stiner, M.C. (n.d.) Body ornamentation as information technology Towards an understanding of the significance of early beads. Retrieved from http//courses.washington.edu.archyaec/archy401/readings/kuhn-beads.pdf

Solution of Ms-95 Assignment Dec 2011 Essay Example for Free

Solution of Ms-95 Assignment Dec 2011 Essay take to the woods TitleResearch Methodology for Management Decisions Assignment CodeMS-95/SEM II /2011 CoverageAll Blocks melody Answer all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October 2011, to the coordinator of your study center. 1. chthonian the circumstances stratified random sampling design is considered get hold of? How would you engage such sample? formulate by means of an example. 2. Experimental method of research is not suitable in management field. Discuss, what atomic number 18 the problems in the introduction of this research design in business organisation? 3. What is the meaning of measurement in research? What difference does it make whether we measure in terms of a nominal, ordinal, interval or dimension scale? 4. Interpretation is a fundamental component of research Process. Explain. Why so? define the precautions that the researcher should take while interpreting his findings. 5. Write shot notes on a) Criterion of good research. b) babelike and Independent variable. c) Casestudy method. d) Components of a Research Problem. 1. Under the circumstances stratified random sampling design is considered appropriate? How would you select such sample? Explain by means of an example.ranked sampling is comm precisely utilize probability method that is superior to random sampling beca delectation it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the existence that share at least one common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researcher low identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the macrocosm. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each stratum. Sufficient refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the population. tell apart sampling is often used when one or more(prenominal) of the st ratums in the population have a low incidence sexual congress to the other stratums. Stratified sampling strategies Proportionate allocation uses a sampling fraction in each of the strata that is proportional to that of the marrow population. If the population consists of 60% in the male stratum and 40% in the female stratum, then the relative size of the two samples (three males, two females) should reflect this proportion. Optimum allocation (or Dis per capita allocation) Each stratum is proportionate to the standard deviation of the distribution of the variable.Larger samples are taken in the strata with the greatest variability to mother the least possible sampling variance. A real-world example of using stratified sampling would be for a US political survey. If we wanted the respondents to reflect the diversity of the population of the United States, the researcher would specifically seek to include participants of various minority groups such as race or religion, based o n their dimension to the total population as mentioned above. A stratified survey could thus claim to be more representative of the US population than a survey of simple random sampling or taxonomical sampling.Similarly, if population density varies greatly within a region, stratified sampling will ensure that estimates move be make with equal accuracy in different parts of the region, and that comparisons of sub-regions can be made with equal statistical power. For example, in Ontario a survey taken throughout the province might use a larger sampling fraction in the less populated north, since the disparity in population between north and south is so great that a sampling fraction based on the provincial sample as a whole might result in the collection of only a handful of data from the north.Randomized stratification can also be used to meliorate population representativeness in a study. Advantages over other sampling methods focuses on important subpopulations and ignores i rrelevant ones improves the accuracy of estimation efficient sampling equal numbers from strata varying widely in size may be used to equate the statistical power of tests of differences between strata. Disadvantages can be difficult to select relevant stratification variables not useful when there are no homogeneous subgroups can be expensive subscribes accurate information about the population, or introduces bias. looks randomly within specific sub headings. =========================== thither may often be factors which divide up the population into sub-populations (groups / strata) and we may expect the measurement of evoke to vary among the different sub-populations. This has to be accounted for when we select a sample from the population in order that we entertain a sample that is representative of the population. This is achieved by stratified sampling.A stratified sample is obtained by fetching samples from each stratum or sub-group of a population. When we sample a population with several strata, we generally require that the proportion of each stratum in the sample should be the same as in the population. Stratified sampling techniques are generally used when the population is heterogeneous, or dissimilar, where certain homogeneous, or similar, sub-populations can be isolated (strata). Simple random sampling is most appropriate when the entire population from which the sample is taken is homogeneous.

The ethical principles of the religion Essay Example for Free

The ethical rules of the religion tummyvassa) Explain the ethical principles of the religion you have studied (25). The master(prenominal) idea of ethical principles in Christianity is to utilization them as guidance on how we should live our lives to be closer with God and prep atomic number 18 for His Sons return. One of the master(prenominal) ethical principles in Christianity is approve. This is shown through the teachings of Jesus. Christians get their ethical principles from the Bible, Church authority, the Holy Spirit, using their conscience and earthy Law (Catholics). The Bible is the important source of where Christian ethical principles come from. It gives us moral signposts to follow. In Genesis, the Creation story is ground which is important to Christians as it shows the intrinsic value of benignant life. This is significant because humans were made in the image of God and therefore we must do everything that we can to preserve life. Some Christians als o believe that God gives and takes away life which makes certain acts such(prenominal)(prenominal) as murder or abortion, wrong.The Bible also contains the Ten Commandments which are found in the Old Testament. These are absolute, deontological and objective which means that they never change no matter the circumstances. Out of the 613 laws mentioned in the Old Testament, this is the main standard that is followed by Christians. As the Bible is the Word of God, Christians follow the laws that are put in nates which includes the Ten Commandments. An contrary example of an ethical principle in the Bible is the parable of the Good Samaritan, which is found in Luke 10 25-37. Christians use this parable to help to promote equality and as a guideline to show how we should live harmoniously with each other in our communities and make swell relationships a priority. manicular Ethics is also utilize by any(prenominal) Christians as one of the main ethical principles. The main idea of Situation Ethics is to do the most loving thing in a situation. It has quadruplet main principles on which it rests on.These are Pragmatism line of merchandise of action that works, Relativism you shouldnt use absolutes e.g. never of forever, incontrovertibility voluntarily choose to have faith that God will guide/help you and Personalism put mickles best interest initiative, agape. The New Testament talks a lot about love morality. In 1 Corinthians 13 and Galatians 522-23, Paul teaches the importance of love and throughout many of his other teachings. This gives some Christians the reason to use Situation morals as an ethical principle. Natural Law is used by Catholics as a main ethical principle. It contains the Divine Law and separated into two precepts knowas the primary and secondary precepts. The primary precepts contain 5 main principles. These are to preserve life, reproduce, holiness God, live harmoniously in society and educate the young. The secondary precep ts are then put in place to break down the primary precepts to make them more flexible.This makes the precepts easier to use in different situations. Natural Law puts forward the idea that good is to be done and evil is to be avoided which is a part of Christian teachings and therefore used by Catholics as one of the main ethical principles. Forgiveness is some other main ethical principle of Christianity. In the New Testament exculpateness is taught as an important principle by Jesus. In Matthew 1821,22 Jesus tells one of his disciples, Peter that he must forgive his forgive his brother seventy times seven times, meaning that no matter what he must always forgive his brother. Because Jesus taught the importance of forgiveness, Christians puts it forward as a main ethical principle. Christians use the different sources of authority to put forward the main ethical principles of Christianity, the Bible being the main source of authority. These main principles are used in many situat ions and stay the same. b) Some religious ethics are alike rigid for moral end making (10). There are many different ethical laws in Christianity which come from different sources of authority.However, they are not too rigid for moral decision making. Firstly, absolute rules such as the Ten Commandments provide a means in which we can mea convinced(predicate) an action. They are uncoiled forward and give a clear guideline therefore making it easier to make a decision in difficult situations. However, it could be said some of the Christian ethics contradict each other as they are many different things said in the Bible which go against each other. In the Old Testament it shows an eye for an eye but in the New Testament Jesus say that we must turn the other cheek. This causes a lot of misunderstandings as people wouldnt be sure on what to do if they were in an argument or a fight. Nonetheless, this does not cause Christian ethics to be rigid because two options are given that can be followed in such encounters. umteen of the religious ethics taught in Christianity focuses on love as a central point such as Situation Ethics.The moral value of an action is judged according to the consequences which it produces. This principle is not too vinegarish as the first priority of others is put first therefore making decisions easier to make. It gives you theoption of choosing the right course of action and encourages coherent calculation of a circumstance to make decisions. Other the other hand, religious ethics can be viewed as rigid as it does not allow cultural relativism such as polygamy or polytheism which could be seen as being intolerant. For example in some countries such as China, calm down practice capital punishment and therefore would be viewed as wrong and would disagree with Christian ethics.Nevertheless, some religious ethics seem reasonable such as the Golden Rule treat others in the way you like to be treated. Situation Ethics is an example of thi s as it puts others best interest first agape. This means that you would think about what you would do in a situation that would have a good impact on the person involved. It also puts the importance of the sanctity of life as a get a line principle of Christianity therefore recognising the intrinsic value of human life. Although some religious ethics such as the Ten Commandments may seem strict and arbitrary there are still many Christian ethics that are flexible and rational. These include Situation Ethics and the Golden Rule which work in all circumstances.

Global warming effects Essay Example for Free

Global warming effects Essay northern candela teleph peerlessr began in 1969, as penniless Mike Kittredge, age 16, melted crayons to form a candle as a Christmas present for his Mom. A neighbor, mesmerized by his fabulous creation, expressed her desire to purchase one of his candles indeed Yankee cadmium association was born. Mike apply his p bents basement, kitchen, and garage to produce his sweetened candles. Five years later, in 1974, Mike moved crosswayion into an old paper mill placed in Holyoke, Massachusetts. In 1998 Forstmann Little Company partnered with Yankee see Company and began to publicly affair on the NYSE in 1999. Mike Kittredge sell his first candle to a neighbor for $1.36, in 1969 and in 2005 Yankee Candle Companys total sales were $601,180,000. Mikes humble beginning in the family home has grown into a wholesale guest network of 16,400 retentivity locations, a growing base of Company owned and operated sell stores (390 located in 42 states), di rect mail catalogs, its website, international distributors, and to a European wholesale network of approximately 2,200 store locations (2006) Yankees passion for scent has become a profitable entity with visions of continued world(prenominal) expansion.Yankee Candle Company has branded their harvest-home as long-lasting and loyal in fragrance. Yankee has cultivateed oer cl fragrances for their unlike candle products. Their product line includes jars, votive, tarts, wax potpourri, pillars, tapers, and tea lights candles. Yankees design is innovative and their scents are pleasant, relaxing, and rejuvenating. Yankee Candle Companys design department is visionary in developing candles to accent modern dcor and fragrances that invoke to its customers. Yankee allow for explore and introduce aromas that are common to the classic civilization as they unspecificn into this refreshed market. Yankee Candle entrust emulate their passion for fragrance and provide a wide variety of choices for its impudently customers in Greece.The Yankee Candle Company continues to build on the passion and creativity of Mike Kittredge driven by a mission to warm hearth and home with the fragrances of life with excellence, fundament, and passion. Yankee has been dedicated to excellence throughout their 37 year history. A company spokesperson attributes their winner to, our vertically integratedbusiness model, which enables us to control well-nigh every aspect of our business, from product exploitation to manufacturing to distribution to marketing and sales. This structure allows us to consistently provide high case and innovative products (2006) Yankees innovation is evident in their candles and accessory designs, which acclimate too motley dcor preferences and the expanding variety of fragrances, which appeal to its customers. Yankee Candle Company is driven by an intense passion to spread the fragrances of life around the adult male for all to enjoy.The product exp ansion into the Greek marketplace is another step towards r separatelying their objectives. Yankee Candle Company pull up stakes expand its fragrances to flow in with the polishs of new markets. Yankee will continue to develop partnerships with realized Company owned retail stores as venues for their products to be sold. The candle company has already established Yankee Candle Europe with a 30,000 square posterior distribution center in Bristol, England that provides Yankee products for approximately 2,200 stores. This distribution center will be used to export Yankee products to be sold by retail stores in Greece.The Yankee Company has decided to expand their markets and head out to the kingdom of Greece. We will be exporting our candle line product from the joined States to Greece. The product expansion into the Greek marketplace is another step towards reaching their objectives. Yankee Candle Company will expand its fragrances to blend in with the cultures of new markets. Yankee will continue to develop partnerships with established Company owned retail stores as venues for their products to be sold. As Yankee Candle expands into new regions of the humankind, distribution centers will be construct to service their wholesale store network. Where trade barriers, economical and political policies will allow. When expanding into new countries, Yankee Candle will establish an online shopping website to market and sell their products.Since 1994, the United States is part of the NAFTA organization between three countries. The North the Statesn Free Trade Agreement, known usually as NAFTA, is a free trade agreement among Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTAwent into effect on January 1, 1994. NAFTA is also used to refer to the tripartite trading axis of North American countries. www.wikipedia.org.Since the inception of the Eurpeon Union in 1957 six countries were a part of this union. Nineteen get ahead states need joined in and creasted a succ essful union. Greece joined the EU January, 1981.The substitution and repatriation of funds risks the Euros exchange rate against the dollar, remains unstable. The low interest rates, join ond competition in the banking indus deform, and continued return in commercial bank lending to raise bad debt and muscular growth in consumer borrowing. Economic growth is forecast to slow in 2006 and 2007. The consumer price pompousness slowed dramatically in Greece before its entry into pre-economic and monetary union (EMU) in January 2001 and was upholded by other temporary measures.The economy of the United States is stable made up of native resource, labor and manufacturing, and investments. The United States has the largest and one of the most technologically advanced national economies in the world, with a GDP of 13.049 trillion dollars. www.wikipedia.org. Consumers and producers have some decision-making that form the economy, but the government also has a properly role on the ef fects of the economy.The economy of Greece is growing fast after the implementation of stabilization policies in recent years. Greece remains a net importer of industrial and capital goods, nutrimentstuffs, and petroleum. Leading exports are manufactured goods, food and beverages, petroleum products, cement, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. www.wikipedia.org. Greece is global leader in shipping, which is the transportation of goods and cargo by land, air, or sea.Types of currency used through out the world vary from country to country and or by region. The Unites States of America functionary currency is the dollar, symbol USD also known to be abbreviated by $. The US currency was follow in 1785 by the United States Congress. The United States dollar is also known as a world currency in 1985 $300 billion dollars were in circulation,with two thirds being out side of the unchained States. Each year the amount of U.S dollars is being circulated around the world continues to increase . In comparison to the Untied States of America, Greece uses the euro as denomination of currency type, symbol . Greece is part of the European Union also knows as the EU. What I make up most interesting is the European Monetary Union has ceded control of monetary policy to the European rudimentary Bank. Versus the Untied States taking control over their own currency.The European Union has a large economy, believably slightly large than that of the United States of America with a 2005 GDP of 12,865,602 million vs. 11,734,300 million (USD figures) (using nominal US Dollar GDP) according to the International Monetary Fund. www.wikipedia.org.Greeces traffic with other countries in the region have been steady improving. Greece is working with Turkey to resolve their disagreements, mainly with regard to Cyprus. Failure to resolve the division of the island of Cyprus may increase tensions between Greece and Turkey as the latter finds its bid to join the European Union partially leec hlike on success, but tensions rise sharply with Turkey over the issue of Cyprus. Greece is also assisting and improving relations with the economic development of the Balkans.The Balkans is now viewed by Greece as a greater threat to security than Turkey. Also, re-create instability in the Balkans leads to unrest in Greece and trade disruption. Political corruption is considered higher in Greece than some(prenominal) other European Union countries. Politicians are dependent on media with strong ties to business interests. There is a politicized, anti-globalization environmental movement in Greece which is increasingly complicated in its use of the courts and the European Union to forfend large projects.United States culture is very diverse but due to the level of the American culture there are many integrated but exclusive subculture within the U.S. The subcultures differentiated by status, heathenal background, residence, religion or other factors that functionally combine the group and act jointly on each subculture member. The ethnic groups are White, Black, Asian, Amerindian, Alaska native, native Hawaiian, and other pacificislander. The various religion are Protestant, Roman, Catholic, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, Baptist, and others. Lastly, the wordss are English, Spanish, Indo-European, Asian, Pacific island and others. Let us not forget that the government type is constitution-establish federal republic but strong democratic tradition. As a result, the subcultures have their own joint set of customs, attitudes, and values.Greece is a diverse culture partial by its place at the crossroads between the East and the West and by the various occupations endured by the Greek people throughout history. The Greeks are proud of their culture which is the definition of their national and ethnic belonging. The Greeks culture is made of their traditions, religion, music, language, food and wines. Some of the traditions and superstitions vary from one island to an other.Many countries differ within a range of dimensions including social structure, language, religion, and traditions to name a few. The disagreement has important implications on marketing strategy of the product. The most cultural difference that has an impact would be traditions. Candle scent preference may differ from one country to another. The company may encounter resistance to some of its different scents or wax.The organization must(prenominal)iness careful investigate Greece cultural norms and understanding the difference between US and Greece. Cross-Cultural training (literacy) would be needed to make sure the company advertising or marketing strategy does not despoil anyone in the other country. The candles should be affordable due to the unemployment rate within Greece however the organization must make a profit consider the comprise to export the candles within that country.Yankee Candle is awake of the culture difference between the US and Greece, therefore staffing would be important to the organization. The organization would provide their US employees with language and cultural training. Yankee understands that one of their vendors Berlitz has experience and knowledge in cross cultural and language training that would help assist the expatriates. Berlitz offers a variety of programs and has been in thebusiness for 128 years, more than 450 centers in over 60 countries. Berlitz offers online, adult, children and teen programs for cultural and language training including one-on-one sessions. The cultural and language training would be for the family as well. The cultural training would be for two days and 100 hours for language training, however if more hours are needed for language the company would approve this cost. The employees that are going on the international appellative would have other benefits including when they are expatriating back into the US. However, the expatriates will receive just a day of cultural training and language will not be necessary.The US dollar is not equal to the kindred amount in most other countries. Hence, the company would pay an additional allowance to cover the difference. The cost of living may be higher in the other countries, as a result a housing allowance is provided to the employee. The company does consider the cost living in the US and then match that cost to living in Greece. The education in Greece is not the same for US citizens. As a result, to the language barrier and cultural it may be very difficult for the employees children to attend the local school day in the host country for that reason private schools or boarding school may be required. Consequently the company is conscious(predicate) of this and therefore would provide tuition allowance.Due to the cultural and language difference there are going to be diversity issues, so human resource has provided an chip in inlet policy. The open door policy would allow employees to express him or she concer ns and human resource will try to provide a solution to the problem, if possible.Supply chain management is an important role for the success of Yankee Candle Company to sell scented candles in Greece. Supply chain is most effective for optimal resource use, minimum total cost, and maximum value to the customer. Decisions with in grant chain are to pervert your product or make your own. Yankee Candle Company already produces its own scented candles and will be the same for candles being shipped overseas. The production will be manufactured in the Companys 294,000 square foot facility in Whately, Massachusetts. As a manufacturer, the Company is able to closely monitor product quality and control production costs, which ensures high qualityproducts and maintains affordable pricing.Information has been gathered from the Greece from the candle business industry. This selective information will assist in forecasting how much product is needed for a three months supply to match the su pply and demand in Greece. Lead time for the initiation of Yankee Candle Company to enter the Greece market is 10 months. In turn this will give enough time to meet the three month stock supply. The information gathered from the Greece candle market will support the types of scented candles that will be produced to ship overseas. Lead time for the shipment to arrive at the distribution store is three months the life span of a candle is three years.Placing our product will be around or around the largest cities and ports in Greece. The largest and most important city in Greece is Athens, the capital with population based in 1991 of 748,110. The largest port in Greece is Thessalonki, with a population of 377,951. Also another large port is located on the North part of the Peloponnesus, is a major seaport, with 155,180 inhabitants. Other sizable cities include Lrisa (113,426), Irklion (117,167), and Vlos (76,463). The ports and its population are important factors in knowing were to place the Yankee Candle Stores. These would be in areas in the region that have the most population and are easily accessible to tourer from vacation boats that may doc on these ports.Promoting Yankee Candle Company in Greece would be standardised as it is currently in the Untied States. Through its retail stores the Yankee Candle company would open in Greece, direct mail catalogs. To include a large market Yankee candle will also promote is U.S product through television commercials newspapers, bill board singes through out the larger cities of Greece, and through its own web page http//www.yankeecandle.com/cgi-bin/ycbvp/retail.jsp. Promotion for this product will be introduced to all who destinys to have special fragrances in their homes. Business will also be placeed to have fresh new fragrances for their offices. Candles are an excellent gift for all ages and for any special occasion.The middle class in Greece is the main target market Yankee Candle Company is promoting the scented U.S candle product. In 2005the labor force in Greece was at 4.72 million compared to unemployment rate of 10.8% figures from www.cia.gov. These figures give Yankee Candle Company the green light to restrain with international distribution into the Greece market. Pricing the candles will be 30% above the sale price of a U.S product. This will ensure the costs of having a U.S product of seas.Yankee Candles has successfully developed and market new products and earn enormous returns. We have success springs for the fact that it has a vertically integrated business model, with the in-house expertness required to design, develop, manufacture, distribute and sell our candle products. Our vertically integrated business model acts as a powerful platform to support our product innovation initiatives. This business model included strong interrogation and development activities, an experienced employee team, and a basis skill in test marketing our products.We collected these resource s to research consumer interests and home decor buying trends, and then to create original candle designs, fragrances, accessories, gift sets, home fragrance merchandise, and personal care items that align with our findings. We then release this merchandise into our distribution channels in a way that permits us to seek and track consumer feedback. This process positions us to fine-tune our new products from performance, to packaging, to labeling, to pricing destiny to maximize the potential for each item we develop to have a successful launch and general acceptance. Together, these efforts helped to drive sales, attract new customers and extend the appeal of the Yankee Candle brand.Once exporting was elect as the mode of entry, Yankee Candle secured assistance from a company called, Export Trade of America to learn about insurance, tariff, and tax laws involved in trading with Greece. Yankee Candle Company will face various legal challenges when exporting its candles into Greece, but the process will go much easier with the help of an export management company. Yankee will need to comply with employee laws and have knowledge about hiring, firing, and right regulations in Greece. They will need to be acquainted with their legal system and how those laws are enforced. Greece is a parliamentary republic with a president, who is heads the executive administration, a prime minister, who is head of thegovernment, and a 300 seat legislature. The legal includes a Supreme Court, regional districts, and prefectures to decide civil and criminal cases. There is a national law of nature force as well as policing agencies from the European Union.As a member of the European Union, the EU laws supersede those of the individual member nations. Yankee Candle Company will need to be aware of the EU laws, enforcement, penalties, and necessary trade practices. The European Union could cause legal complications as the union adds new members, arbitrates disagreements among its memberships, and as competition increases in the global marketplace.There has been a longstanding relationship between Greece and the United States of America. The two countries have diplomatic, intelligence, and law enforcement ties. Greece and the United States, recently signed treaties covering extradition and mutual legal assistance, which bring forward strengthened this cooperation. (2006) Trade between these two nations should proceed with success barring increased terrorism, war, or a terrific natural disaster that impacts the global economy.It is important for any company to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. As Yankee Candle employees examines their organization they listed the following as company strengths strong business model, long-lasting candles, well-branded product, variety of fragrances, adaptability of product to various cultures and dcor, strong financial backing, increasing profitability, expanding marketplace, efficient manufact uring and distribution process, and an innovative product development. Yankee Candle Companys weaknesses include rising cost for manufacturing and distributions, technological skills, single manufacturing center, adapting products to various cultures and customs, and material shortages.There are several opportunities that must be pursued to maintain profitability increase presence in the global marketplace, expanded online shopping options, adapt fragrance choices to new markets, build foreign manufacturing and distribution center, and add accessories to their product line. There are many threats to the existence of Yankee Candle Companyincluding competitions pricing and product differentiation, terrorism, natural disasters, exchange rate, rising costs for manufacturing and distribution, and the products life-cycle.The external environment strengths include reduction in trade barriers, strong European Union, technological advancements, and utilization of websites. The external weak nesses are trade blocs, closed economic and political policies that interrupt or limit imports/exports, and the affects of terrorism. External opportunities include improving the economic levels of third world countries, utilizing the skills, resources, and expertise of various countries to lower costs and create an integrated economy, develop innovative products, and create a global network. Finally, the external threats include terrorism, political instability, natural disasters, increased global competition, trade blocs that become fortresses against those outside their union, countries imposing regulations against outsiders who want to merger or acquire other foreign companies, conflict among existing trade bloc members, and inflation/deflation of the monitory systems.Reference(2006, 4,12). The Yankee Candle Company, Inc. 2006 First Quarter Earnings Webcast. Retrieved 4/23/06, from SBC rube Finance Web site http//biz,yahoo.com/bw/060412/20060412005002.html?.v=1www.wikipedia.or g., retreived April 24, 2006.http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gr.htmlEconRetrieved 5/13/06 from the World FactbookUnknown, Retrieve on April 23, 2006 fromhttp//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ issue/gr.htmlUnknown, Retrieve on April 23, 2006 fromhttp//www.greeka.com/greece-culture.htm

Composition and Seperations Essay Example for Free

patch and Seperations EssayWhen a warmheartedness of protactinium lemon is heated, pressure builds and, depending on the percent of urine in the kernel, the kernel pops open and popcorn is produced. The percentage of water in individually kernel differs between soft touchs of popcorn. If the steam produced fails to pop the kernel, the kernel be induces hard and burns. The purpose of break 1, popcorn report card, of the Composition and Separations Lab was to determine whether pension popcorn pocks display desirable qualities when measured and compared with bumer brands of popcorn. The experimental relevance of damp 1 of the experiment was to march the effects of water in a popcorn kernel when heated and converted to heat.Differences in water percentage determine whether or not the kernel will burst and create popcorn. In Part 2, Separating a Solid Mixture, the purpose was to work with supplies in the lab to set out a fast motley of popcorn, guts, saltinessiness and press out filings into the intravenous feeding separate components to eventually subscribe to the percent musical theme of the consentaneous mixture. By developing a plan to separate the mixture, the group should have ended up with four separate items with system of weightss that added up to the original weight of the mixture. The experimental relevance of Part 2 of the experiment was to learn how to separate individually component in a four expose solid mixture from each other.ProcedureIn disrupt 1 of this weeks lab terce popcorn kernels of a one brand were given to each group. A Bunsen burner was set up by each group and the three kernels were each weighed separately on an electric balance. The Bunsen burner was then lit succeeding(a) the instructions given. (ch185) A nose candymL beakerwas obtained and filled with a half inch of clean sand. The beaker was placed on a ring stand and one kernel of popcorn was submerged into the sand. The beaker was then covered wit h a piquet glass and heated over the Bunsen burner until the kernel popped. After popping, the kernel was removed and weighed and the wet guinea pig was measured. This procedure occurred for all three kernels. After the moisture content of all three kernels were measured, an average was deduced for the three and written on the panel. Each of the other four groups also wrote their averages for their individual brand on the board to give the class a better understanding of the differences in moisture content for each of the volt brands. In part 2 of this weeks lab, a 50mL beaker was filled with a solid mixture consisting of popcorn, sand, salt and iron filings.The group then got the mass of the entire mixture and began sketching a plan to separate the mixture properly into its original four contents. First the group separated the popcorn from the mixture by using a drainer. The popcorn was then weighed. Second, the iron filings were separated using a magnet afterwards pouring th e remaining mixture onto a piece of paper. After the magnet collected all iron, the iron was scraped into a beaker and the weight was recorded. The third and final separation used a beaker and a try paper. The percolate paper was weighed and put into a filter that spilt into the beaker. The remaining salt/sand mixture was then poured into the filter paper using water to dissolve the salt.After the solution was put into the filter paper and the salt had dissolved, the filter paper and sand was dried and then weighed. After subtracting the filter paper weight from the weight of the filter paper and sand to seizeher, the weight of the sand was known. Once you had the weight of the sand, iron and popcorn, the weight of the salt was found by subtracting the three combined weights from the original weight of the mixture. To find the percent firearm of each component, the weight of each was divided by 100 and, in the end, each components percent added up to 100% of the initial mixture. Results/ Data/ CalculationsPart 1Each group determined the moisture percentage of their brand of popcorn. Table 1 acquaints the moisture content of each brand. Table 1 moisture per centumage of Popcorn BrandsGroup Number Popcorn Brand Used Percent Moisture1 Act ternary 6.24 %2 Food Club 8.35 %3 Jolly Time 12.2 %4 Orville Redenbacher 7.47 %5 Pop finished 6.22 %Jolly Time popcorn was measured for weight and the moisture content was then measured. Table 2 shows the initial weights, final weights, moisture contents and percent moistures of each of the three trials performed. Table 2 Moisture Percentage by Weight of Jolly Time Popcorn Kernels Kernel sign Weight (g) concluding Weight (g) Moisture Content % Moisture 1 0.105 g 0.086 g 0.019 g 17.8 %2 0.138 g 0.140 g -0.003 g -1.89 %3 0.113 g 0.106 g 0.007 g 6.55 %AVERAGE 0.109 g 0.096 g 0.013 g 12.2 %Sample CalculationsFind weight= (cupcake holder + kernel cupcake holder)= (.263 g .177 g)= 0.086 gMoisture Content= Initial weight f inal weight= 0.105 g 0.086 g= 0.019 g% Moisture= Moisture content x 100Initial weight of kernel= 0.019 g = 17.8%0.105 gAverage % moisture = 17.8 + 6.55 = 12.2%2Part 2The weight and eventually percentage composition was measure in a mixture of corn, iron, sand and salt and then with each component individually. Table 3 shows the weight and % compositions.Table 3 Percent composition of MixtureMaterial Weight (g) % CompositionFull Mix 42.2 g 100 % give 3.26 g 7.79 %Iron 19.0 g 45.0 %Sand 15.7 g 32.5 %Salt 6.25 g 14.8 %Sample CalculationsPercent CompositionInitial Weight x100Total Mixture WeightBeaker with nothing 59. 95 gBeaker with mix 102.1 gW/ Mix102.1 gW/O Mix 59.95g42.98 gDiscussionThe experiment in part 1 was done to show that even slight differences in moisture content in popcorn make a big difference when it comes to the popcorns popping abilities. Before the experiment, the moisture content and its effect on popcorn were unknown. After the experiment each group left with the acquaintance of moisture content in both preferred brands and cheap brands of popcorn. This experiment gave insight into the importance of exactness for popcorn companies pertaining to the moisture content in each kernel. The experiment in part 2 was performed to show that most solid mixtures can be separated if using the right tools. Each group had to plan a solution to separating the mixture and then weighing each of the four components afterwards to conclude if they added up to the initial weight of the solid mixture.This experiment allowed students to use their brains to separate whatever solid mixture that they come in contact with, which will be helpful for the future in this lab and others. Throughout the twain parts of this experiment some(prenominal) specific errors were found and dealt with. In part 1 of this experiment several popcorn kernels were burnt and did not pop. These kernels may have affected our experiment by giving us false data, as we did not include th ese kernels in any final data.With burnt popcorn kernels, we were shown that the moisture content in the popcorn brand given may have resulted in one of the cheap brands given. In part 2 of our experiment, the initial weight was supposed to be taken before separating any part of the mixture. Unfortunately, the initial weight was skipped before the popcorn was separated. The popcorn then had to be put game into the mixture and the mixture was then weighed for the initial weight. This may have affected the final data, although it was a subtle error. In part 2 another error occurred when the group began to separate the salt and sand in an incorrect manner. This, however, did not affect final data, as the salt would have been eliminated anyway.ConclusionsThe goals in this experiment for part 1 were to determine the moisture content in a brand of popcorn, compare the given brand with others in the lab and then find out if moisture content affects the popping or corn and which brand or brands has a better likelihood of popping (i.e. preferred vs. cheap brands). In part 2 of the experiment the goals were to separate a solid mixture and then find the percent composition of each of the four materials within the mixture. The average moisture percentage for Jolly Time popcorn was 12.2 %. To get to this point, the group popped three separate kernels and found the moisture percentage for each and then averaged them. The percent composition for part 2 of the solid mixture was 7.79 % for corn, 45.0 % for iron, 32.5 % for sand and 14.8% for salt. These measurements added up to the 100% solid mixture and the weights added up correctly.ReferencesCh185. How to Light and Adjust a Bunsen Burner. http//ch185.semo.edu/labsafe/bunsen.html (accessed Feb 12, 2013). Composition and Separations. http//linus.chem.ku.edu/genchemlab/184SP13/Download184_Labs/Composition%20and%20Separations%20Chem%20184%20Spring%202013.pdf (accessed Feb 12, 2013) Guidelines for Laboratory Reports http//linu s.chem.ku.edu/GenChemLab/184SP13/guidelines%20for%20lab%20reports.htm (accessed Feb 12, 2013)