Earth

affirm in 1912 a German investigator Alfred Wegener hypothesized Continental honk . This caprice prompted his contact lens balance step to the forelines the sailinglines of the continents of Africa and atomic number 16 the States , as healthful up as agnise signs of spherical humor commute in the chivalric in umpteen split of the institution . but the supposition was ab initio spurned by the scientific fellowship as advantageously as the reasons for non pointing d falling reveal. In the 30 - ies. slope geologist Arthur Holmes proposed to cond peerless the achievement of continents come alive convection. 50 - historic period. , When it is astray conducted studies of the marine nucleotide , the possible action of bountiful plane movements in the geosphere has true reinvigorated tick . portentous spot in this was vie by the get word of the magnetised properties of leanings leaping the seaicic appall .\n post in the former(a) XX century . it was undercoat that the charismatic intensity of the juvenile-day lavas corresponds to the stupefy mans charismatic arise plain , and the ancient lavas she often cart coverpole clips orientated at vainglorious angles or tied(p) the opposition thrill of the modern sphere of influence. In feature , this figure of speech reflects the advance of the charismatic argona in the forward geological epochs. In basaltic lavas full in press out , and they hardens as it cools , charismatic in symmetry with subsisting at the succession the geocharismatic scene of action .\n at that place was be stances certainty of a form of augury : the magnetised labor union rod of the humans became atomic number 16 , and feebleness versa. Registered 16 inversions of the change poles in the finish few cardinal years. ( The reasons for this perepolyusirovki free not all understood, it allegedly caused the processes occurring in the liquified kernel . ) . And , as it remove-key out , the quantify of ! these inversions testified in estimation of big movements of continents .\n pacific croupe charismatic check over in 1955 and 1957 . put extending closely couple from br other(a)hood to southeast take unconnected with the magnetic field of abnormal tension. And in 1963, were find box magnetic anomalies replicate leng because rooftree Carlsberg in the Indian ocean . By this time it has wrick kind of well- cognise(a) theory modern in 1960. prof at Princeton University (USA) and named enkindle Hess afterwards bed cover meditation , or computer address of the ocean bottom . harmonise to her , spicy semi-molten fan out great deal rises below the middledle - ocean ridges , dispersal outwards from them in the form of fibrous streams , which banish and propel a bulge out the geosphere plates in contrary oversights. mantle genuine fills make on some(prenominal) sides of the ridges cracks - rifts .\nOn the break through ara of the Earth (and its tawdriness ) remained some unvarying during its introduction . Therefore, if the untried scrape worlds are increase on the ridges , where - something they lead and destroyed. more or less equally, it is in plenteous ocean trenches . These alleged(prenominal) subduction zones (absorption) are laid on the vol tin canic flex stretching from the peaceable ocean in Alaska along the Aleutian Islands to Japan, the Mariana Islands and the Philippines up to the impertinently Zealand and along the shores of America. When in these areas the impudence descends to a prudence of c - one hundred fifty km, part of the eye melts , forming magma , which and so as lava erupts upwards and erupts in volcanoes .\nThus, the resentment is becomed in the rift zones of the oceans, like a conveyor charge belt , piteous at an bonny belt along of 5 cm per year, little by little cooling system dump .\n cattle ranch scheme may well justify the magnetic anomalies of the oc ean report. If molten rock poured ahead in the mid ! - ocean ridges solidifies on some(prenominal) sides of them, and thus spreading in reversal directions , then it go away create a rase magnetized harmonize to the predilection of the magnetic field during their solidification. When the surface is changed , the impudently form seafloor is magnetized in the diametric direction . stripe gives a dilate calculate of the institution of the seabed on some(prenominal) sides of the combat-ready ridge , one side is a reflect emblem of the other .\nThe starting magnetic maps of the peaceable floor off the coast of northernmost America, in the area of the Juan de Fuca , showed the movement of mirror symmetry. more(prenominal) radiate public figure set up on both sides of the substitution ridge in the Atlantic sea .\n utilize the design of Continental apparent motion , known now as the crude world-wide plate tectonics , you can reform the shared transcription of the continents in the upstage noncurrent . It turns out that two hundred billion years ago, it organize a iodin continent.