The Daimler Bens And Chrysler Merger Management Essay

The Daimler Bens And Chrysler Merger Management EssayDaimler-Benz was intermixd with Chrysler in may 1998. The CEO of Daimler-Benz, Jurgen Schrempp called this uniting as merger of equals (Schein, 1996). The goal was to be in top three companies of automotive industry. Bringing together two the companies with diverse culture was non considered as a hurdle and t here ar no chances of ethnical clashes but behind the curtains things were entirely divergent. in that location were legion(predicate) reasons for the troublesome merger but the just about important was clash of co operate cultures. But because of merger there were drastic multifariousnesss in the alliance as well and the major diverseness was stock prices were quadrupled and the comp all had a paradigm shift from bankruptcy to sugar making.leeward Iacocca showed a co mischiefal transformational leadership and implemented turn management in phoner that was real helpful in getting financial st superpower and flip ones liding the marketing space. He adopted the four en competentrs which were platform teams, a refreshing center, a new culture, CAD for the formation. The merger tiltd the co operate culture of the federation this instant the political party is thought to have better positioned. It entered the growing competeion in undersize truck market. (Anon., 1997).The only certainty in our modern world is change. The ability to survive and flourish depends on our tractability and the unbiddenness to constantly adapt to a changing world by Arthur.IntroductionChange management varies astray from organization to organization including various environments but among all most relevant is organisational change management. It is a crop of change in an organization in a systematic manner. Change management can be reactive. Most common places for change management executing atomic number 18 engineering management, strategic and process. However overcoming resistance to change is the affectionateness value enchantment implementing new procedures. Lee Iacocca, former CEO of the Chrysler Corporation showed transformational leadership he brought the company from bankruptcy to profitability.Ab come forth the companyDaimler AG is the most succesful German automotive manufacturing company founded in 1883.initially it was named as Daimler Motoren Geselleschaft. The Daimler assembly is worlds biggest manufacturer of pension gondolas.In 1998 Daimler merged with Chrysler Corporation and got a new name DiamlerChrysler AG.In 2007 Cerbeus jacket crown Management acquired Chrysler corporation as Chrysler was overlooking the liquidity needed by the financial markets and again company was renamed as Diamler AG(Thornton Meyer-Larsen, 2000).Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz were the companys founder and automotive innovator who introduced high fiber products and safe mobility. Daimler is a company whose commitment is towards integrity and increased profitability.the investors of Diamler atomic number 18 majorly European, us and other investors internationally. The company has turnaround of approx EUR 99.4 billion(IFRS, 2008). It has manufacturing units in 17 countries.Chrysler Group LLC is a automobile manufacturing industry was founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler.It is worlds thirteen largest vehicle manufacturer(OICA, 2008). Chrysler Group was stuck in unstable financial accede and was declargond bankrupt. later on that attempts were done to take control of company by the largest stockholder Kirk Kirkorian in collaboration with Lee Lacocca. The headquarters of Chrysler separate is in Detroit, shekels (Turnock Cobbs, 2003).Major market area of Chrysler was US. There was a need to expand the market space to earn global revenue and increase profit but that required greater investment and the company was in lack of funds this renderd a rise of integrate the company with some untouchable stable company to increase the market space as rider cars were sold widely out of US but the company had no plants abroad. So it choosed Daimler AG as a potential company to merge with because of its wide access to international market and financial stability. (Geisst, 2004).Transformational leadershipLee lacocca is a designated leader whose leadership drastically turned around Chrysler organizational culture. Leadership is forged in while of crisis. Leadership qualities of lee Iacocca include the following 9 Cs which helped him to do feed the cultural change in Chrysler separate.1. CURIOSITY- lee iacocca al dashs put his belief to test and get estimate from great deal he was voracious reader as he cherished to keep himself aware nearly the global changes.2.CREATIVE- lee Iacocca was always willing to try some innovative ideas. He weighd in thinking out of the box. He was able to manage change in the company.3. COMMUNICATE- he was able to slope the reality of bankruptcy of the company and tell stakeholders the truth about t he merger. He could disseminate information properly.4. CHARACTER- lee Iacocca was a person of typesetters case he knew the difference between right and wrong. He had all the powers salvage he had the guts to do the right thing.5.COURAGE- the best leadership quality of lee Iacocca is the courage and ability to do commitment and do dialog by sitting and talking.6.CONVITION- he was a very dearate leader. His passion was the success of company and increased capital for which he had fire in the belly7.CHARISMA- lee Iacocca had certain qualities which made people follow him. He was able to inspire the employee during crisis and everyone trusted him.8.COMPETENT-he being a leader merely knew what he was doing for the betterment of company to a greater extent(prenominal)over he always took suggestionfrom people.9.COMMON SENSE-It is the most obvious character of a leader as he should be able to know certain logical things in order to bring change.CHANGE MANAGEMENTChange management is a sequential way of transiting organizations from its recent state to desired future state. Changes are applied to any system according to predefined model or frame make for. The main objective of change management is to maximize profit and minimize risk involved during implementation. versatile types of changes areappendix 1Structural changeStrategy changeTechnological change pagan change more over there are many models for change management that are very useful for organizational development and prosperity. They are as followsappendix 2Adkar model.Formula for change.PCI(people centered implementation).John P Kotters eight locomote to successful changeMerger and encyclopaedismsMergers and encyclopaedisms is a business venture where deuce or more companies join together theirs imaginations and increase capital to create a new company with entire enhanced operational capacity. caller-out can change there name and structure as well(Gaughan, 1999).An acquisition is a business tacti c to buy and absorb one company by another .a proper strategy should be planned so conflict can be avoided and corporate culture of company is retained (Ireland, Harrison Hitt, 2001).When two companies with different culture, values and working methodologies integrate into one exclusive unit to acquire expertise and increase synergies and profit revenues. According to a survey 55% to 70% of M A fails(Carleton cited in Schraeder and self, 2003).mergers should be taken as in benefit of both external or internal environment of the company. most important during merging is to communicate in order to learn the cultural differences of both the companies. Relations before and after(prenominal) merging should be properly maintained and conflicts should be avoided(Herndon Galpin, 2000).To condition a smooth transition during merger/acquisition process stability should be achieved by formulating strategies. Change management here contractes on minimizing employee attrition and to p romote them for better work.Communication is most important to ensure stakeholders agreement and understanding. There are four phases of communication under change management(Mueller, 2003).Announcing the merger in all stakeholders should know about merger by the company only not by the media. It makes them feel a part of company and they think for betterment. (Scherer Ravenscraft, 1987).approval by authorityAll stakeholders should provided information about impact of merger and the reasons for merger there should be no conflict. Transparency and honesty are of great importance(Mueller, 2003).Closing the dealDont exaggerate the situation try to hang the fear of reducing concerns during merging. Prepare employees mentally and emotionally by providing existent information. (Ireland, Harrison Hitt, 2001).Changes completedAll stakeholders must know about the achieved promises to maintain a good image.It is evaluated to know the success ratio so it can be implemented in future(Scher er Ravenscraft, 1987).Reasons for mergerThe merger between Daimler and Chrysler happened on May, seventh 1998 both the companies wished to make a multi billion company to dominate car market so they got merged(Gaughan, 1999). The main reason was to increase product diverge and expand global market. Both companies had diverse methodology of work so merger was considered a better option. (Fairfield-Sonn, 2001).The reasons for merger areMarket role of company fell from 16.2% to 12.2%.(IM survey,2007)Company went bankrupt because a group of bondholders jilted the companysTwo third of senior manager resigned because of financial instability.Chryslers profit decreased 90%.Chrysler ranked on seventh among seven automakers. non invented here syndrome kept Chrysler from sharing ideas. power and weakness before mergerDaimlerChryslerStrengthTechnological engineeringQuality strengthPremium luxry brand with ample heritageGerman efficiencyStrengthFlexibilityCreativitySelf responsibilityConc ept carsMarket opportunityLow production appealWeaknessHardly flexibleLow potentialHigh constitute overleap of production abilityWeaknessLess disciplineNo investment in R D outlet of key playersNot able to compete global market.Difference between American and German business cultureAmerican and german haves different style of workConceptamericangermanPractical experiencesTraining on job concept followedFocus on education and qualificationPragmatismMore goal oriented than germansFocuses on deeper knowledgeFlexibilityCareer flexibility much bigger in americaJob security more importantInformalityFriendly impression by use of commencement names etcLess common in german as they believe in personalityJob securityEmployees can be set off very easilyJudges on basis of individual(a) performanceCultural changeMerger should be where culture of both companies are almost similar and had employee support as well (Chatterjee, Lubatkin, Schweiger, and weber 320). For any organization culture is a vital element to settle how things are done and the manner new products are marketed and lot more things.(Weber and Camerer 401).Christine grosse carried a cultural knowledge survey and found 80% people were benefitted by imparting knowledge of local culture(Grosse 366).Diamler Benz was a rigid company with bureaucratic corporate culture with quality standards. Culture was too authoritarian.Chrysler was having a informal culture outward oriented and less rigid.Since Diamler and Chrysler was now a transnational company dealing with two cultures was a difficult line to manageOrganizational culture in recent trend in focused on external environment and more open focus oriented and risk tolerance is high. Employees are trained to go that special(a) mile for the companyNew cultureAfter change implementation there were five enablers that organise the basis of Chrysler new culture these areBetter communicationContinuous trainingBetter human resource systemAccurate practices.Improv ed process.in the new culture teams were formed at general level. In 1994 chrysler introduced new 360 degree type process in which everyone including peers rate you. The new culture gave the staff a mite of ownership in the company and gave them a dynamic environment. For transformation some(prenominal) strategic plans were implemented. In the new culture young innovative youthfulness was the captain and new skilled designersRESISTANCE TO CHANGE opposite to change is one of the basic reason for the failure of change process and its implementation. Resistance to change in general is ubiquitous by nature. It is defined as a natural response to any reaction or bane of change(Block, 1989). There are number of factors that cause resitance including individual,factor group factor and organizational factors.In Chrysler group the resistance was basically seen in 3 areastechnical foul systems resistance- Chrysler resistance in technical field included fear of change, loss of sunk costs a nd work oriented approach.Political systems resistance- it comes from internal coalitions against change. Chrysler group had limited resources and it admitted change was essential.Cultural systems resistance- Chrysler group was having a perceived pot that the whole merged company is a single unit so current culture should not be sophisticated to accept cultural changes in the company.Factors causing resistance to changeCauseOutline devotion of the unknownBeing uncertain about the nature of a change, Chrysler group was uncertain about the future and on going impact of change.Loss of controlThe organization felt that changes are done to them but they are not able to take part in change.Loss of faceChrysler group felt very embarrassed because of change and it thought that work done by company in past was not futile. The company repo changed.Loss of competencyThe existing skills of the company after merger did not got changed.Need for securityCompany worried for its new role after merg ingPoor timingIt was asked tochange at a time when they already feel overworkedForce of habitNot liking to change existing ways of doing things, feeling comfortable in existingroutines and habitsLack of supportLacking important support from direct supervisors, not having wane resources to properly implement change.For treating resistance as positive utility Chrysler group tried to be proactive but there was absence of allow change theories that incorporated this feature. So manager of the company engaged other people to identify the resistance, to test and to implement successful change. (Dettmer, 1998a Houle and Burton-Houle,1998).ConclusionFor general activities of organization culture of an organization is very important and should be taken into consideration(Sicilia Lipartito, 2004). Conflicts should be avoided and activites affecting culture should be strategically arranged. Business acquisition and merger should be planned strategically as they are very important part of o rganization change.communication is the most vital element of organization. To ensure stakeholder participation there should be proper communication channels.Both the companies had different culture that was one of the reason that merger couldnt be that effective.There was by all odds a need for change management at Daimler but merging with Chrysler was not only the best solution there were other alternatives strategical alliances- it will increase global market but won be helpful for the development of R D Ddepartment.Outsourcing- I can mitigate the quality and innovation and reuce cost.Chrysler could have concenterated on core competencies and outsource non core values. Example development of vehicle platforms could be outsourced to Chrysler by diamler.

Reducing Bullying in the Nursing Environment

Reducing Bullying in the cargon for EnvironmentIntroductionBullying is any repeated and systemic doings that remains to victimise, humiliate, undermine or threaten to harbors others, which burn impact on physiologic and psychological well- be. Bullying has been considered as unaccepted workplace demeanour that affects occupational health and safety, and should non be tolerate in any figure of speech (Ref). This paper allow bid an analytical discussion of the relevant literary productions of bulling in foreboding for milieu. Rationale regards to the need of changing oversight devise give be outlined. The forge lead utilise Lewins three locomote of qualifying theory as a guide to modify the item phase of change. In addition, it depart address the strategies for evaluating the plan outcomes. Finally, this paper will conclude insightfully highlighting main concerns about decreasing bullyrag behaviour in treat environment.Literature review oeuvre blusterous exi sts in every paid. Particularly, boss around in healthc be environment has been internationally value and researched. 70% of US registered supports who dampenicipant in a fall out account being bullied at work. 87% of Turkish nurses stated being bullied in another nursing survey (Ref-Barbara S. Broome). In addition, UK health care describe that recent evidence showed 85% of nurses pass been involved in intimidate or witnessed a blustering(a) (Ref-Malcolm A. Lewis) and (Ref-Sharon J. Stagg) found 40% of participants never describe deterrence in their study. (Ref-A typology of ballyrag behaviours) state that due to lack of descriptive standard to identify blustery behaviours, which leads to less of effective interventions for reducing push around behaviours. In addition, the absence of identification of bullying behaviours, bullying acts may be commonly interpreted as office policies or genius differences.The consequences of bullying acts are seriously impact on ma ny aspects, which include nurses, organizations and patients. accord to (Ref-Michelle Cleary), the trustworthy working environment in health care compass is oriented to maintain safe practices at the meantime as well to acquire effectiveness outcomes in day-to-day patients care management. Therefore, under this pressure, it is more(prenominal)(prenominal) belike to create a blaming environment. Nurses who work in a climate of bullying may lead to contrast dissatisfaction, which, in a elan that nurses may resist come to work or call sick of(p) farewell to avoid facing bullies, and present low productivity in the harbors. The bulling acts may impact on both physical and psychological wellbeing, which the frequent outcomes for bullying are headaches, stress, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, excessive worry, impaired affectionate skills, depression, fatigue, loss of concentration, helplessness, psychosomatic complaints, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Ref-Mich elle Cleary). In addition, the bullied employees from (Ref-LARS JOHAN HAUGE)s study express that they feel more role ambiguity and conflicts in the working environment, therefore, they have less social contact and communicate with colleagues that leads to poor job control and poor management. (Ref-Terri Townsend) states that up to 70% of bullied nurses leave the job, 60% of fresh RNs quit their beginning job in 6 months and a third of new graduate nurses esteem they choose the handle career. (Ref-Terri Townsend) also introduce a term survivor syndrome, which means bullied nurses would either to quit the job to find another better work environment or adapt to the bullying behaviours as part of the culture and become a bully or bystander. When the nurses leave this professional as a allow for of bullying, the organization has to spend more notes for recruitment and re-orientation for new nurses to replace the position. Furthermore, outleting from frequent nursing staff dollar volume the customer satisfaction will decrease and patients may not fix continuous care which may impact on patients safety issues (Ref-Michelle Cleary).(Ref- rump S. Murray) expresses that the most common reason of nurses may bully others is the need of being in control of everything in the work environment. (Ref- Barbara S. Broome) also states these bullies are narcissistic. Their personality characterized as controlling and manipulative, which means that they like to dominate in social relationships. These people are self-centred that indicates low empathy, and they normally do not feel guilt over the time by bullying others. other point of view from (Ref- Workplace bullying in nursing), they believe the educational system foster a belief that the dominate group (normally are cured staffs) is superior and the oppressed group (normally are new staffs) is lacking(p), therefore, the inferior has to obtain the demand from the superior. (Ref- John S. Murray) also points out tha t the organization may connive the bullying behaviours in some cases, due to the bullies are senior managers or staffs. The bullies are protected instead of the victims, which has prompted the bullying behaviours existing in the healthcare environment.Many studies have suggested that the organization has to establish zero allowance policy and legislation to reduce bullying behaviours in healthcare settings (Ref-John S. Murray, Barbara S. Broome, Workplace bullying in nursing). (Ref- Barbara S. Broome) suggest that education will help nurses to accredit the bullies and bullying behaviours and provide strategies to eliminate bullying, meanwhile, they state that education on bullying should not only be provided in work environment plainly also be implemented in universities and continuing education design that empower new graduates to identify bullying behaviours. In addition, Hutchinson (2009) states the current approaches to bullying are remedial, corrective, regulatory and resto rative. Remedial and corrective strategies are focus on individual aspect, to provide counselling to the victim, to mediate between perpetrator and target, and to produce and modify the perpetrators behaviours. Regulatory and restorative strategies are focus on organisational aspect, to provide prohibitive statements about bullying and to drag the perpetrator to make amends (Hutchinson 2009). These strategies are more focus on punishing and blaming the perpetrator which has shown ineffectiveness on reduction of bullying. Hutchinson (2009) proposes another strategy named dish outd obligation a restorative approach to bullying, which will not focus on criticising the perpetrator unless make the bullying behaviours at the centre. Ref root on that two parties and their supporters need to come together to discuss the bullying situation, share the concern, share the solution of what cigarette do to repair the harm and what can be done to prevent bullying behaviours in the future. I t is important to discover forgiveness and create a non-blaming and non-judgemental working environment (Hutchinson 2009).Rationale for planThe reason to prompt the change management plan is several complaints from unidentified staffs that they feel being bullied by verbal humiliated, given more work load or hidden information from other staffs, which they have convey their exist likeMy preceptor rolled her eyes and looked at me like I was stupid every time I asked her a question. I last stopped asking. Doesnt she realize Ive only been a nurse for 3 weeks? (Ref- Terri Townsend)Our new manager didnt like me from the start. Within a month, she was assigning me more and more extra tasks until I couldnt get them all done. When I tried to talk to her about my workload, she said I should be up to(p) to handle it beca mathematical function I was the one with the masters degree. Later she fire me, stating I didnt meet our departments expectations, even though I had several complimen tary letters from patients and other managers. (Ref- Terri Townsend)In addition, in those complaints, some have mentioned that they dont feel comfortable to work with certain people, thus, they called sick leave, which has alerted the management that the direct of care has been decreased due to patients dissatisfaction and shortage of nursing staffs in the ward that cannot provide effective nursing care. The nursing co-ordinator from the ward has stated that she has to call more agency nurses to replace the regular staffs, whereas, this ward has almost reached the agency budget.If nurse has resigned from the expertness as a result of bullying, this may cause fiscal burden to the organization. The organization has to pay for recruitment, fostering sections and orientation for new nurses, which leads approximately $15,000 directly extra cost per nurse (Ref- Reiter).Therefore, the rationale for the change management plan would be decrease the hap of bullying, increase bedside nurs es retention and increase job satisfaction, which may indirect to purify customer satisfaction as a result of increased level nursing care, decrease financial burden to the facility and build up a better reputation for this facility in the industry.Change guidance PlanThe change management plan will be channelise by Lewins change management model, which includes three phrases unfreeze, change and refreeze.Unfreeze appellative of what has to be changed needs to be determining in this phrase (Ref- judging Tools). As the anonymous complaints have come to my attention, these complaints will be considered as feedbacks regarding bullying behaviours in this organization. An initial survey will be conducted throughout the facility to address staffs awareness of bullying and if they unstrained to make a change in the work environment. A second anonymous survey will also be conducted to gather personal experiences and attitudes from bedside nurses about work related bullying and how they deal with the bullying behaviours. The surveys allow the management to reckon the current perception and interaction of bullying within this organization and also motivate staff to be involved in this changing process. some other key to change is to make the organization to implement the plan, which means we have to motivate the organization to accept the idea of change is necessary for the facility and support the change (Ref- Mind Tools). The feedback from the staffs has indicated that the bullying behaviours have affected the nurses functioning in nonchalant nursing care. Bullying has decreased the nursing staffs productivity, which leads the pure tone of care has decreased. Customer satisfaction has decreased as a result form patients cannot receive adequate level of care, in a way that the organizations reputation would damaged. In addition, the nursing coordinator and the human resource manager expressed that high turnover rate in nursing staff, which has directly do th e organization cost extra money for each replacement of nursing position. Therefore, in order to maintain reputation, quality of care and reduce financial burden, the organization has to make a change management plan.ChangeThe vicissitude from unfreeze to change will not happen quickly as staffs and the organization has to take time to adapt and accept the new shipway of working. In this phrase, people may have questions about the process, such as what is coming and who will be utility. Clear explanations and honest approach will help disrupt rumours (Ref- Mind Tools). As the nursing coordinator and I will explain the coming events , which will include developing zero allowance policy and legislation, providing education sessions to address workplace bullying and establishing pathway to written report bullying behaviours. Staffs may be afraid of being punished because of bullying. Therefore, share responsibility a restorative approach to bullying from Hutchinson (2009) would be a useful theory to learn. It is also important to inform employees that the plan aims at the behaviours, not to criticise or punish people. The outcome of the change management plan would be create a non blaming nursing culture in this facility, which the nursing staffs will have a nice working environment and prompt them to stay in the profession. The organization will be benefit from the retention of nursing staffs, which reduces costs as a result from nursing turnover.Empowering the involvement is also important for the changing process. In-services sessions will be held to provide an opportunity for employers and employees to have a face-to-face discussion of identification of bullying and how to deal with bullying, which allow both parties being participate in the process, win understanding between each party and shape up the transition to adapt to the workplace culture smoothly (Ref- Mind Tools). In addition, to establish a pathway of reporting bullying will help the mana gement now react to any bulling behaviour that can develop new experiences and attitudes toward relations with bullying.RefreezeIn this phrase, the change has adapted to the nursing culture in this facility and we need to develop ways to maintain the effectiveness of change within the facility. For instant, encouraging the nurses unite managers to take the leadership and support their nursing staffs in each ward, frequently take uping feedback from staffs regarding on bullying experiences and running workshops or simulations to keep staffs knowledge about bullying is up to date.StrategiesThe aim of auditing is to promote and share best practices in order to provide effective care in daily basis. Developing an auditing is not to criticise poor practices, but by analysing the poor practices will help nurses know and realize what goes wrong and what cloud do better in patients care, in a smell that this will prevent the same incident happen again (Ref- Cummins). Therefore, developm ent auditing is the way to assess the outcomes of the change plan. The short term outcomes of audit may show high rate of bullying, the reason would be the nursing staffs are more able to identify the bullying acts in the work environment. However, we would expect that the incident rate would not go up in the keen-sighted term period.Feedback from nursing staffs will hopefully provide positive responses regarding to bullying, which can motivate the organization to utilize further education on bullying to improve nursing environment. Survey can also be conducted to collect the objective data, which indicate that how nursers feel the change management plan affects their daily performances.ConclusionBullying is a widespread issue in workplace, in order to make a change management plan that it has to theme on evidence support. When innovate a new management, creating the motivation is the first step has to be contemplated, which means the organization accepts the change and the staffs are willing to involve into the new plan. Open and honest approach needs to use to deliver the change as the effective communication can dispel any question or rumour from staffs. Initial supports from the stockholder will empower people to be involved. The consolidation of the change in the current culture involves ongoing support, monitoring and education programs, which increasing the chance of the change becomes norm.ReferencesReiter, M., Young, A., Adamson, C. (2008). Decrease new graduatenurse orientation costs by using HESI exit exam scores. Journal ofNursing Administration, 37(10), 459-463.http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htmCummins, F. (2006). victimisation auditing to enhance and improve practice. Nursing Residential Care, 8(1), 37-39.

Critically analyse existing culture and context of care nursing essay

Critically analyse existing enculturation and context of financial aid nursing essayFirstly, it is necessary to give a few upshot definitions to the topic and put in into it into a context. practise instruction (PD) has been widely learnd by many authors and professionals. Following it is possible to finda selection of s eruptly of the nigh accurate and well-known definitions.Firstly, Joyce (1999, p. 109) defines implement Development as the implementation of initiatives that promote convert or maintain good example in fix to enhance keeping. The latter(prenominal) is undoubtedly a very(prenominal) succinct definition. Further extended definitions were provided by, in example, McCormack et al (2004), who consider come tuition as a continuous process of remedyment in put together to increase effectualness in uncomplaining-centered c ar through the enable of esteems and wellness cargon teams to transform the culture and context of parcel out. Simmons (200 3, p. 37) argues that practice development is in fact upholded by a series of facilitators committed to a systematic, rigorous, continuous process of emancipatory change (Simmons, 2003, p. 37).The latter statement refers to emancipatory practice development, matchless of the two get alonges to PD, together with technical practice development, and which has lately been joined by a third type transformational Practice Development (Dewing, 2008, p. 134)Definitions and studies on Practice development atomic number 18, obviously also intercommunicate to maximize quality and benefits of nursing PD. Clarke and Wilcockson (2001, p. 264) utter that the main issues to be considered in the changes and characteristics of the context of nursing cautiousness be the twine of PD in the learning of the staff in the health organisation and the robustness of the express upon which the development is based .Practice development in patient cargon mustiness also be encouraged and directed i n night club to lose a forwarding vision and to guess how and what the service and initiatives must look dole out, always eliminating boundaries, or at least challenging them (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 406).It is important to note that, in practice development, organisation and professional learning should never develop independently. Since the organisation must be a learning place, it is necessary to classify the achievable types of companionship (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2001, p. 264). Depending on the author it is possible to find different classifications of such knowledge. In fact, according to Clarke and Wilcockson (2002, p. 398) knowledge git be distal or proximal. The agent is also known as knowledge for practice and the latter as knowledge from practice (that depends on the contextual issues at affectionateness the environment like staffing levels). To bring together both knowledges is the most common desire a synthesis of scientific theoretical, experimenta l and mortalal knowledge.Concretely in this case, flirt withs of the health organisation, as professionals, enkindle hold knowledge for the organisation itself and cause theories of movement and strategies. As a matter of fact to analyse an organizations knowledge and influence of its practice developments, soft system methodology is utilize. Such technique approach problems actively and focuses the research on promote change rather than beneficial analysing and describing the problem (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2001, p. 265).As Clarke and Wilcockson (2001, p.399) state, soft system methodology develops models of relevance to the really world, or practice situation, in crop to procure greater and much successful changes. The most important part of the system is the analysis of the info recollected since it permits the creation of a general picture ab come forth the impact of practice developments in spite of appearance the chosen organisation and on its individuals (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 399 401).In recent long time it has been created a debate about the application of research-based knowledge and the implementation of evidence-based practice. Its advantages be clear but it also has a few disadvantages including the possible lose of skills in research critique, the lack of interest of the individual to any visible(prenominal) written knowledge or the lack of conformity with the evidence (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 397). The considered resultant to some of the barriers may be to implement and encourage education within the organisation in order to promote individual skills. In the light of this information, the implementation will be successfully achieved when evidence is scientifically firm, when the context is receptive to change with sympathetic cultures, the feedback system works satis partily and thither is an appropriate monitoring and leadership (Harvey et al, 2002, p. 578). But the most important factor would be the existe nce of facilitators for the change, which could be impertinent or internal.Firstly, it is necessary to define the end point facilitation. It is a concept emerged from both student-centred learning and counselling, which is influenced by humane psychology, as Harvey et al (2002, p. 580) mentioned. It refers to a process of enabling individuals and groups to understand the processes they have to go through to change aspects of their doings, or military postures to themselves, their work or other individuals (Marshall and Mclean, 1988). The term has been used in different disciplines, within and outside the health sympathize with stadium. Therefore, facilitation is the process of encouraging experimental learning through precise construction, helping organisations and professionals to understand what they need to change and how they should do it in order to achieve the in the lead mentioned evidence-based practice.A more simplified definition, by Kitson et al (as recollecte d in Harvey et al, 2002, p. 579) describes facilitation as a technique by which one person makes things easier for others.The fact is that in all definitions the term change is included and at that place are a series of strategies considered to be effective promoting such change like educational outreach visits, analyses, feedback and even a marketing approach. Existing practices are challenged and individuals within the organization must embrace new theoretical approaches to improve their practices. It has been proved, that a combination of respective(a) approaches is the most effective way of facilitation. unrivalled facilitation model could be the Oxford Model of facilitation, created in the first half of the mid-eighties and which consists in the introduction of more systematic approaches to the prevention of coronary heart diseases and in order to support the creation of more health checks and rhythmic screenings for high-risk patients (Harvey et al, 2002, p. 580).The faci litation process, then, involves facilitators using a range of interpersonal and group skills to achieve the desired change. Literature shows that facilitation in evidence-based practice development addresses the following issues facilitating change, evidence translation and communication, responding to external influences and agendas, education and life-long learning, getting research into practice and audit and quality initiatives. (Dewing, 2008, p. 136).INTENSIVE CARE NURSINGApplying the theory develop before more concretely to the intense flush nursing orbit, it goes without doubt that nurses can improve patient recovery by using the mentioned before patient -centered interest, and, as the Guidance for nurse staffing in critical care (Unknown author, 2003, p. 259) points out by applying pro-active anxiety and vigilance, coping with unpredictable events and providing emotional support. The effectiveness of the nurses improves with proactive prediction and prevention of any possible complications and prompt and skilled preventative in the event of sudden deterioration (Unknown author, 2003, p. 259).Carroll carried out an study which has several(prenominal) useful applications into the nursing care field. Carroll (1997, p. 210) then, identified seven of the most used facilitators in nursing practice according to the answers of a series of participants. The most frequently cited facilitator was the need to have more time available to come off and implement research findings. The other six cited facilitators were conducting more clinically cerebrate relevant research, upward(a) availability/accessibility of research reports, enhancing administrative support and encouragement, providing colleagues support networks/mechanisms, advanced education/increasing research knowledge base, improving the understanding of research reports. (Carroll, 1997, table 2) Barriers to the development of advanced practice in nursing include resistance (both active and passi ve) or the opposition and restriction of new single-valued functions and responsibilities (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674). Other negative factors in the context of nursing care that would act as barriers would include the fact that the personal beliefs of some practitioners may actively promote discriminatory care (which is called, by Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002 corruption of care) (Clarke and Wilcockson, 2002, p. 397 -398).In fact, within nursing, the definition of facilitation is more closely related to the before stated term of change, and more particularly to the promotion of communication between organizations (Simmons, 2003, p. 42). In the first paragraphs of this essay emancipatory and transformational Practice Development were mentioned. Such concepts have special focus on facilitation, and as stated before this facilitation has two types, the inside and the outside. However, McCormack et al (2007) have stated that such a division is overly simplistic but it is useful when clarifying terms. Outsider or external facilitators involve project planning and learning expertness on nursing discipline (in this case) that may be missing within the organization. Internal facilitators for support Development, however, have a more direct division in day-today facilitation (Unknown, 2003, p. 259). nursing practice development can make a significant section to the improvement of patient and service user experiences and to the modernization of intensifier care services through its focus on improving workplace cultures and learning. McCormack and Titchen (2006) urge on differentiate policy and strategy stakeholders need to be targeted in order to develop a strategic way forward for connecting practice development methods with service/systems developments, set within a modernization and risk management agenda.Clearly breast feeding Managers can influence this area at various strategic interfaces in the course of their work (Dewing, 2008, p. 139).CONCLUSION To start concluding, the term practice development has been, therefore, used to describe a range of approaches, methods and processes in organising and delivering diverse changes in nursing practice for many years (Dewing, 2008, p. 134). and so there are plenty of evidence who assure that improved outcomes are not just a result of numbers of staff, but are more related to the staff level of training and skills. (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2675 -2678)Tasks of facilitation and in particular of facilitation in nursing would more concretely include leading workings and growing systems and programmes the assessment and monitoring of care and data collection and the undertaking of vocalize clinical consultation with practice nurses (Simmons, 2003, p. 45). The facilitator/educator nurse is in force out of providing and locating resources. Therefore, nursing facilitation for practice development must be addressed by a facilitator who provides a focus for nurses to obtain the informatio n they withdraw to pursue a professional or practice development closing (as stated by Thornbory, 1999 and recollected in Simmons, 2003, p. 45). A nurse in that role will be effective if counts on a series of qualities such as personal authority, formal education, training and preparation supervision, feedback from other professionals or organizations, assertiveness and negotiation skills and experience in his/her specialty. It is also important if the nurse facilitator can count on a appurtenant organizational culture (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674)What it is undeniable is that facilitation needs of critical thinking. Since facilitation should involve confronting, questioning and critical reflection (as pointed out in Simmons, 2003, p. 44), critical thinking is a key portion to enable professionals (and concretely nurses) within an organization to understand the different elements that create a clinical situation.Nursing facilitation, concretely, will need to count on critic al thinking in order to improve nurses skills and knowledge. In order to achieve that, a nurse educator with the suitable nursing expertise or practice development nurse must be appointed. unseasoned nursing staff in critical care need to slowly identify their nurse educator in order to regard their continue development after the orientation period (Unknown author, 2003, p. 264). This facilitates the learning culture within the organization in which evidence-based practice can be substantial to meet the needs of the patients (Unknown, 2003, p. 263). As a matter of fact an expert nurse in critical care with highly developed technical skills and supportive knowledge will be helpful in extending the knowledge, and consequently the role of intensive care nurses. The latter is in fact a very controversial topic lately however it is not the topic of this essay. As an example of facilitation and its practical application it can be say that it can assure advance practice in cannulation, venepuncture, ordering blood tests and X-rays do physiotherapy inserting arterial lines performing elective cardioversion thrombolysis treatment and intubation (Srivastava et al, 2008, p. 2675). As Rutherford et al 2005 (and it was recollected in Sarivastava et al, 2008, p. 2674) assert, the organizational infra grammatical construction is central in encouraging new roles and establish the perfect framework for debate.Therefore, effectiveness in intensive care nursing includes facilitator skills such as adaptability, prior experience, personal confidence and assertiveness. Training and preparation, feedback from other professionals and a supportive organizational culture are also signaled by Lloyd Jones, 2005 as compulsory skills (and as it is recollected in Srivastava et al,2008, p. 2675).A key element for critical thinking and advanced practice in nursing is without any doubt autonomy. Autonomy is defined by Fairley, 2003 (as found in King and MacLeod, 2002, p. 322) with three other terms (independence, identity and authority) with an redundant dimension of self-determination. Expert critical care practitioners in any field will use intuition. In fact King and LcLeod (2002, p. 322) have developed a research on the intuition used by nurses at different levels of practice in decision-making.Autonomy and intuition are key elements of an effective advanced practice performance.It is also necessary to note that, as stated before, the debate about the expansion of nursing roles in intensive care in the UK has been created years ago. Before a change like such occurs it is necessary to note that clarity about training, status, authority, career structure and remuneration must be clear.Nowadays, the context of care in nursing have experimented a series of innovations which profound changes, especially in the field of the working relationships between nurses and medical staff. It is also necessary to note that intensive Care nursing is a quite new field (which dev eloped into a separate category around 1995, English, 1997) which appeared in order to ensure that patients with an uncomplicated recovery will always be attended. Nowadays, critical care practitioners make all decisions about routine management and over feature roles of anaesthetist, perfusionist and intensivist while carrying on with conventional nursing care. Facilitation and practice development are therefore key issues for intensive care nursing. The implementation of critical care practitioners needed of training and improvement of quality of care merits (English, 1997). Also it needed of three main steps to give the appropriate title to the nurses depending on the specialist training they received, to give them the necessary authority to act independently, adequate with the responsibility that they already carried and changes in the salary which, allegedly reflect the value of the work and helped retaining the staff. In Englishs (1997) words Trusts now have more exemption to set appropriate terms and conditions of service for staff, but support is also needed from the nursing authorities and the Department of Health.Concluding, it is noticeable that there is a clearly positive relationship between research utilization and attitude toward that research, the extended use of professional nursing journals among clinical nurse educators and high levels of education. In fact, despite the fact that not all intensive care practitioners have the necessary critical approaches and skills (and evidence-based practice research) to use research efficaciously in practice, such new field like critical care nursing is evolving in the good directions thanks to the use of those facilitators among other factors.The latter affirmation is based on some studies that have been lately growth a deeper approach into clinical nurse educators and the determinants of their research utilization behaviour in clinical practice.Furthermore, it is necessary to point out that it is ne cessary except research and improvements in the field, especially research on the outcomes of research utilization, including the effectiveness of their role as educators/facilitators and the organization and, over all, contexts in which they practice.Finally, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) standards on effective workplace culture are going to be used in order to clarify which vital areas need to be encouraged for an effective culture the need of maturation person-centeredness, also developing individual, team and service effectiveness, developing evidence-based health care including knowledge of utilization, carry-over and evidence development and developing an effective workplace culture (Dewing, 2008, p. 136).

Vitamin C Determination By Iodine Titration Biology Essay

Vitamin C determination By Iodine Titration Biology EssayVitamin C is as well cognize as ascorbic acidulated, it is an antioxidant that is essential for human nutrition. Antioxidants help to ruby-reduce the dam eld to the tree trunk ca utilize by toxic chemicals and pollutants. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin meaning that it dissolves in water, it is essential for outgrowth and repair of all body tissues. Collagen is an primal protein that is determinationd to make skin, bulls eye tissue, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels. Vitamin C is essential to form this and is in like manner required to reanimate wounds, repair and of importtain cartilage, bones and teeth. The body does non store vitamin C and cannot make it by itself, therefore it is classic for scores of vitamin C-containing sustenances to be included in the diet. Excellent sources of vitamin C be kilobyte peppers, citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, papaya, watermelon and cauliflower. Vitamin C d eficiency can lead to many an(prenominal) problems in the body including dry and splitting hair, bleeding gums, easy bruising, anemia and nosebleeds with one of the most serious being scurvy. Eating a equilibrise diet is the best way to get the daily requirements of vitamin C and otherwise essential vitamins. The Food and Nutrition Board at the Institute of medical specialty recommends the following amounts of vitamin CInfants and Children0 6 months 40 milligrams/ twenty-four hours (mg/day)7 12 months 50 mg/day1 3 eld 15 mg/day4 8 years 25 mg/day9 13 years 45 mg/dayAdolescentsGirls 14 18 years 65 mg/dayBoys 14 18 years 75 mg/dayAdults workforce age 19 and older 90 mg/dayWomen age 19 year and older 75 mg/day unrivalled way to establish the amount of vitamin C in food is to workout a redox titration. The redox reaction is better than an acid-base titration since there atomic number 18 impartitional acids in a juice, but few of them interfere with the oxidization of asc orbic acid by tincture of iodine. Iodine is relatively insoluble, but this can be improved by complexing the iodine with iodide to form triiodideI2 + I- I3-Triiodide oxidizes vitamin C to form dehydroascorbic acidC6H8O6 + I3- + H2O C6H6O6 + 3I- + 2H+As long as vitamin C is present in the solution, the triiodide is converted to the iodide ion very quickly. However, when the all the vitamin C is oxidized, iodine and triiodide will be present, which react with amylum to form a blue-black complex. The blue-black colouring material is the end spot of the titration.Vitamin C Ascorbic AcidMethodThe 1% starch solution, iodine solution and vitamin C solution were made up by the technicians. The solutions were value before the noncitizen samples were titrated using the following method25.00 ml of vitamin C standard solution was added to a 125ml Erlenmeyer flask10 drops of 1% starch solution were added to the flaskThe burette was rinsed with a small volume of the iodine solution and t hen filled, the initial volume was recorded.The solution was titrated until the end point was reachedThe final volume of the iodine solution was recordedThe titration was completed doubly more.Samples of red pepper juice, apple juice and acetum were then titrated in the same way. This is an example of a titrationResultsSampleYour Hypothesis high spiritualist or low Vitamin C content?Titration 1Titration 2Titration 3Calculated Vitamin C content (g/l)Your result versus the HypothesisRed spice up juiceHigh Vitamin C content16.017.018.028.5CorrectApple succusMedium Vitamin C content4.04.04.06.8CorrectVinegarLow Vitamin C content0.40.20.40.67CorrectAnalysisThe ml of titrant used for each flask is calculated usingAverage volume = total volume occur of trialsThe amount of vitamin C in the samples are calculated usingV itamin C titrant = Titrant used in SampleStandard of Vitamin C unknownRed Pepper Juice Titrant = Used SampleStandard of Vitamin C Unknown Vitamin C 14.9ml = 17 0.025g/ml P596 = 17.0 PP= 17.0 P= 0.0285g/ml 596Litres = 0.0285 x 1000 = 28.5g/litreApple Juice Titrant = Used SampleStandard of Vitamin C Unknown Vitamin C 14.9ml = 4.0 0.025g/ml A596 = 4.0 AA= 4.0 A= 0.0067 g/ml 596Litres = 0.0067 x 1000 = 6.8g/litreVinegar Titrant = Used SampleStandard of Vitamin C Unknown Vitamin C 14.9ml = 0.4 0.025g/ml G596 = 0.4 GG= 0.4 G= 0.00067g/ml 596Litres = 0.00067 x 1000 = 0.67g/litreDiscussionOne of the main(prenominal) problems when completing this investigate is that the concentration of solution was unknown as it was nimble by the technician, the concentration was too high so had to be diluted. The supposition was correct in that the red pepper juice had the highest vitamin C content, vinegar the lowest and apple juice medium. Many safety procedures were carried out during the experiment safety glasses, gloves and goggles were worn, all bags and jackets were in the lockers and chairs were tucked under the desk. in that location was a good experience with the number of people in the root word as it gave everyone a chance to be involved with the experiment. A breeding was taken at the first point when the colour started to change and it could be seen easily when it was complete as the change happened gradually. Two examples of other food that are rich in vitamin C that were not tested are tomatoes and raspberries. Iron increases the absorption of vitamin C in the human body, iron is important as it is used by the body in the production of red blood cells, it is specifically used in the production of hemoglobin which is the main protein in red blood cells. Polyphenol oxidase, also known as tyrosinase, is an enzyme contained in fruits and vegetables such as apples, pears, potatoes, and other starchy foods. When oxygen comes in to affaire with the enzyme it causes the fruit to turn brown. Vitamin C has many functions in the body, it is essential for growth and repair of all body tissues. Collagen is an important protein that is u sed to make skin, scar tissue, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels. Vitamin C is essential to form this and is also required to cure wounds, repair and maintain cartilage, bones and teeth. Anti-oxidant vitamins are Vitamins that help the body in cleansing itself from waste and radical free agents, Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. As well as vitamin C, vitamins A and E are also antioxidants. Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucous membranes, and skin. It is also known as retinol because it produces the pigments in the retina of the eye. Vitamin E is important in the formation of red blood cells and can help the body to use vitamin K. Selenium is an essential trace mineral that works strongly with vitamin E to provide the body with powerful antioxidant protection from the free radicals that may add to the development of cancer, hea rt disease, and arthritis. Selenium protects the body from free radical pervert in two ways It is included into proteins to make selenoproteins, which are important antioxidant enzymes, and it helps the body manufacture its own natural antioxidant, glutathione.ConclusionIn conclusion, the experiment worked well as the amount of vitamin C in the samples was established and the results were hi-fi and as expected.

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System Essay -- Political P

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice SystemThe state of wo men in the United States execrable umpire system, an apparently fair organization of integrity and justice, is a unblemished example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but. plot of ground the policies imposed in the sad justice system maintain an set up on all Americans, they affect men and women in extremely miscellaneous manners. By looking at the United States history of females in the criminal justice system, the social manipulation of these females and the everlasting affects that incarceration have on all women, both in and out of prison, this essay will look for the use of the criminal justice system as simply another(prenominal) form of domination from which there is no hope of escape. This system of control then leads to the examination of the everlasting, yet never successful, female struggle to ratio the private sphere of domesticity with the public sphere of society and the criminal justice systems attempt to keep women within the boundaries of the private. For centuries women who have entered the justice system have been oppressed, because the system was and still is a system designed by a patriarchal society and implemented primarily to control wayward males. The capture hunts in 17th century New England, is the first of many examples in which society exerted control over women by labeling them witches, yet leaving the men alone. The primary determinant of who was designated a witch was gender, in fact 80 percent of all those killed were women. Of those women, females who were spinsters or widows, rather than wives or mothers were represented disproportionately among the witches. In the 1800s, imprisoned women suffered the same terrible... ...ource Availability for Women at Risk, unpublished publisher presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, Chicago, November 1987.9 Nancy Rubin, Women Behind Bars, McCalls, solemn 198 710 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters Keepers Womens Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press, 1981)11 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters Keepers Womens Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press, 1981) 12 Shelly Bannister, op. cit., argues that women who move to male violence with physical resistance, and are incarcerated as a result, should be viewed as political prisoners. 13 Sandy Rovner, Abused Women Who Kill, Judgment, vol. 10, no. 2, June 198714 Nicole Hahn Rafter, Partial Justice Women in State Prisons 1800-1935 (Boston New England University Press, 1985)

Explore the Medicinal Benefits of Green Tea :: Essays Papers

Explore the medicative Benefits of Green Tea Tea, especially green tea, has been touted in many sources as having a plethora of medicinal properties. Much of the hype surrounding tea is in fact true. Tea is non a wonder drug, that it can combat some of the causes of the most deadly diseases in the linked States. For over 4000 years it has been used as a medicine in China (Cheng 2397). By taking a cue from the Asian cultures, we in America are beginning to discover the benefits of this drink. Since green tea is not fermented, and thus enzymes do not destroy many of the polyphenolic compounds, it contains more upright compounds than either oolong or black tea. Tea is so powerful in fighting disease because the polyphenolic compounds it contains work as antioxidants. There are thousands of antioxidants compounds that patron to inhibit the oxidation reactions caused by free radicals. The antioxidants latch onto free oxygen particles in the body and p revent them from doing damage to cells or tissue. The most habitual antioxidant in green tea is a compound called epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Voelker 262). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is unique because in lab tests it induced cell death in cancer cells, but left rosy cells unharmed. Researchers at Case Western Reserve University cultivate of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio exposed it to cancerous skin, lymph, and prostate cells from both valet and mice and to healthy human skin cells. The compound killed the cancerous cells, and left the healthy cells untouched. Present in just 2 mg of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a powerful chemical (Voelker 262). Green tea doesnt always strike to be ingested to combat cancer. A study published in the terrific 2000 issues of the Archives of Dermatology piece that green tea polyphenols have both anti-inflammatory drug and anticarcinogenic properties on the skin (Katiyar, et al. 989). Experimental studies con ducted on mouse skin found the polyphenols afforded protection against both chemical carcinogensis as well as photocarcinogenis (Katiyar, et al. 989). This development could be big news for those worried about the detrimental do of the sun and daily chemical exposure on their skin.

Discussing two or three Poems in Detail, Explain how you think Heaney :: English Literature

Discussing two or collar Poems in Detail, Explain how you hark back HeaneyDevelops our Understanding of the Nature of Hu humanesity and macrocosmthrough PoetryIn this essay I will controvert the poems Digging, Wheels within Wheelsand Toome. I will explain how Heaney develops our understanding of kindness and world through the poems mentioned above. Heaneymainly uses poetic techniques to express and expand our understandingof the disposition of existence and humanity. The predilections in Digging concernrelationships to ancestors, and to work. Heaney describes hisrelationship to his father and grandad purely in terms of theirwork on the land. He takes the judgment of digging, the commonest form ofwork in any rural community, and uses it as a symbol for productive,creative work in general, and for writing in particular. The idea inWheels within Wheels atomic number 18 about animateness in the parable of a wheel. Toomeis about the bog type land and the past.I think Heaney develops our understanding of the nature of humanity bybringing the theme of relationships on the farm into this poem.Heaneys father has great skill when it comes to digging, leveredfirmly. This shows the reader that country life is not all easy, andeven to work on a farm, you necessity to have quite a lot of skill. Theimages produced by these words are precise effective because they givethe reader a picture of a man who is not only digging, but doing itwith immense skill, which is not something which we normally associatewith a job comparable that. This helps us understand why Heaney has chosento talk about his past and digging. The continuation of farming fromHeaneys grandfather, to Heaneys father, the gaga man could handle aspade. Just like his old man shows the reader that country life isvery family orientated, and professions are often carried overpower fromfather to son. The images of Heaneys father being taught to dig byhis father are very powerful and effective, because they show thereader the strong bonds between humanity on a farm, and that humannature has not changed. The last line, The hunker pen rests. Ill digwith it. shows that in the country, it is often expected that peoplelike Heaney will follow in their fathers footsteps, but Heaney isseen here to choose to be a writer. The image of Heaney digging outhis memories with pen are very effective because the reader canvisualise the likeness between rime and farming. Heaney usesalliterative language to go back to the roots of time and human

Those Winter Sundays :: Literary Analysis, Rita Dove

The meter Daystar by Rita Dove and the poesy Those overwinter Sundays by Robert Hayden have approximately sympatheticities, hardly they also have some differences. These poems mainly deal with parenting and the parenting life as well as their induce personal issues. Each parent in the two poems have their small fryrens best inte domiciliate at heart, solely the two very distinguishable parents in two different cartridge holder periods deal with very similar issues.The poem Those Winter Sundays Robert Hayden expresses regret dvirtuoso this poem about his capture. This poem is set when the verbalizer was a child which makes this poem older than from 1966. The poem is a reflection of his stick eld before. The utterer describes his father as a hard worker through and through the week and even on Sundays, which was a weekly routine. The speaker says, Sundays in addition my father got up earliest / and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, / then with cracked workfor ce that ached / from labor in the weekday weather make / banked fires blaze (Hayden lines 1-5). The speaker says, Sundays likewise (Hayden line 1) as if it were included give care every new(prenominal) weekday. Traditionally, families rest and participate in other activities other than work on Sundays, precisely not the speakers father. His father worked hard no enumerate what state the weather was or his tangible condition was, he had a family to care for, which was his objective. Next, the speaker says, No one ever thanked him (Hayden line 5). In the poem the speaker also says, I would rise and dress, / fearing the chronic angers of that raise (Hayden lines 8 and 9). The speakers father was a hard workings gentleman only to care and leave behind for his family, but he did not receive any appreciation from them. tactual sensation unappreciated is very thwarting which could lead to being angry, especially when the index to rest is out of reach. The speaker describes hi s feelings when he would fire up up on Sunday mornings as a grand child. He was a fearful because he knew his father would be frustrated. The father had callused and bruised hands that were painful, he was cold, and mat unappreciated. All the listed factors could build up and make anybody angry or frustrated. disregardless that his father was an angry man he obviously loved his family. The speaker says, Id wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking.Those Winter Sundays literary Analysis, Rita DoveThe poem Daystar by Rita Dove and the poem Those Winter Sundays by Robert Hayden have some similarities, but they also have some differences. These poems mainly deal with parenting and the parenting life as well as their own personal issues. Each parent in the two poems have their childrens best interest at heart, but the two very different parents in two different time periods deal with very similar issues.The poem Those Winter Sundays Robert Hayden expresses regret through this poem about his father. This poem is set when the speaker was a child which makes this poem older than from 1966. The poem is a reflection of his father years before. The speaker describes his father as a hard worker through the week and even on Sundays, which was a weekly routine. The speaker says, Sundays too my father got up early / and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, / then with cracked hands that ached / from labor in the weekday weather made / banked fires blaze (Hayden lines 1-5). The speaker says, Sundays too (Hayden line 1) as if it were included like every other weekday. Traditionally, families rest and participate in other activities other than work on Sundays, but not the speakers father. His father worked hard no matter what state the weather was or his physical condition was, he had a family to care for, which was his objective. Next, the speaker says, No one ever thanked him (Hayden line 5). In the poem the speaker also says, I would rise and dress, / fearin g the chronic angers of that house (Hayden lines 8 and 9). The speakers father was a hard working man only to care and provide for his family, but he did not receive any appreciation from them. Feeling unappreciated is very frustrating which could lead to being angry, especially when the ability to rest is out of reach. The speaker describes his feelings when he would wake up on Sunday mornings as a fearful child. He was a fearful because he knew his father would be frustrated. The father had callused and bruised hands that were painful, he was cold, and felt unappreciated. All the listed factors could build up and make anybody angry or frustrated. Regardless that his father was an angry man he obviously loved his family. The speaker says, Id wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking.

Karen van der Zees A Secret Sorrow and Gail Godwins A Sorrowful Woman

K arn van der Zees A deep heartbreak and Gail Godwins A tormented Woman Though fulfilling love, ecstasy and rely in a kinship can be comforting, couples often are unsuccessful in finding or keeping the love that their relationship need even if issues may interfere within the relationship, couples should find a way in working through their problems. Once a couples happiness, religion and love have been fulfilled, they can experience unconditional love. Although they would need to cite of all timey possible step to heal their relationship, if and when their relationship breaks down, there is thus far much they can learn. With this stated this idea holds opposing views among the two females in A Secret Sorrow and A Sorrowful Woman. In two selections of Karen van der Zees romance novel, A Secret Sorrow, and of Gail Godwins fairy-tale like story, A Sorrowful Woman, the story lines revolve around two women who struggle with their own personalized issues-- in which in A Secret Sorrow, Faye could not have happiness in her life with fulfilling her dream of getting married and having children of her own in contrary, in A Sorrowful Woman, the secluded charr had already the fulfilment of being married and having a child, but was now at the foretell of not wanting that kind of life anymore--and in which how each of the women allot their situation. Faye is worried about how her relationship with her boyfriend will be unnatural by her inability to conceive children. On the other hand, the unnamed woman of A Sorrowful Woman is unhappy with her uniting and isolates herself from her family. Faye and Kais relationship is unitary of those relationships that can never be broken. Meaning, that they have gotten to know each ... ... to the consumption of being a wife and mother to a family, who did not ever cause any pain or trouble? Sadly, the woman tangle her marriage was weighing pressure on her, and her only resolution was to pledge her own lif e abandoning her husband and son. In conclusion, A Secret Sorrow reveals that not eitherthing in life can bring happiness for every situation, but with the search for answers and the help of friends or significant other, anybody should be sufficient to resolve their situation and move on with their life on a brighter note. For Faye, she was on the verge of giving up hope, but since she had the help of Kai, her surpass fear ended with true happiness. This was not true in A Sorrowful Woman, in which the woman did not find happiness with her marriage and chose the wrong path by excluding herself from her family, and resolving her situation in a negative way.

Essay --

Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley conducted a clinical language interjection at Turner House Preschool in Kansas City, Kansas. Most interferences use an IQ test as mea veritablement, nevertheless they chose to instead look at the ingathering of the everyday language of the children. The test also included University of Kansas professors children for comparison. The language intensifier activities used resulted in a spur of new lexicon words, exclusively the effects were only temporary. By the time the children moved to kindergarten, the effects from the dictionary boost were gone. There was a noticeable difference in phrase increment rate between the Turner House children and the professors children. This concluded that if they were to take c ar the reasons for the different developmental trajectories, they would have to examine the very start of verbiage growth. They looked at 42 families for an hour each month and children from 7-9 months old until one-third years old. Fam ilies were selectively recruited through birth announcements. Betty and Todd wanted to make trusted they had a diverse and reliable selection. Selected families spanned almost the whole socioeconomic ladder. long dozen were upper class, ten were in the middle, thirteen were lower class, and six were on welf be. After years analyzing the collected data they saw the first results. The childrens vocabularies were greatly influenced by their parents. The welfare family children had the smallest mental lexicon and lowest rate of mental lexicon growth. These childrens skills were move from the skills of the professors children.Curious to see if the childrens initial vocabulary would influence school proceeding at ages 9-10, Betty and Todd hired Dale Walker to examine this. His findings w... ...kheim defines what he calls social position in his book The Rules of the Sociological Method is the beliefs, tendencies, and practices of the group taken conjointly. This could also be read as the religious denominations, political and literary schools, and occupational corporations of a particular social system. Social particular cant exist without well-defined social organization.Durkheim claims most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from the extracurricular. This ties back to what The 30 Million Word Gap was about. The social points oblige on children by their parents and teachers will precisely shape the childs image. As the child grows older and becomes part of their society, their ways of thinking and intent exist after-school(prenominal) of their consciousness. Whether they realize it or not, their social event has been impose on them. Essay -- Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley conducted a clinical language intervention at Turner House Preschool in Kansas City, Kansas. Most interventions use an IQ test as measurement, but they chose to instead look at the growth of the everyday language of the children. T he test also included University of Kansas professors children for comparison. The language intensive activities used resulted in a spur of new vocabulary words, but the effects were only temporary. By the time the children moved to kindergarten, the effects from the vocabulary boost were gone. There was a noticeable difference in vocabulary growth rate between the Turner House children and the professors children. This concluded that if they were to figure the reasons for the different developmental trajectories, they would have to examine the very start of vocabulary growth. They looked at 42 families for an hour each month and children from 7-9 months old until terce years old. Families were selectively recruited through birth announcements. Betty and Todd wanted to make sure they had a diverse and reliable selection. Selected families spanned almost the whole socioeconomic ladder. long dozen were upper class, ten were in the middle, thirteen were lower class, and six were on welfare. After years analyzing the collected data they saw the first results. The childrens vocabularies were greatly influenced by their parents. The welfare family children had the smallest vocabulary and lowest rate of vocabulary growth. These childrens skills were move from the skills of the professors children.Curious to see if the childrens initial vocabulary would influence school movement at ages 9-10, Betty and Todd hired Dale Walker to examine this. His findings w... ...kheim defines what he calls social fact in his book The Rules of the Sociological Method is the beliefs, tendencies, and practices of the group taken collectively. This could also be read as the religious denominations, political and literary schools, and occupational corporations of a particular social system. Social fact cant exist without well-defined social organization.Durkheim claims most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from the outside. This ties back to what The 30 Million Word Gap was about. The social facts compel on children by their parents and teachers will precisely shape the childs image. As the child grows older and becomes part of their society, their ways of thinking and feeling exist outside of their consciousness. Whether they realize it or not, their social fact has been obligate on them.

Leaving the Cocoon :: Example Personal Narratives

go forth the Cocoon   I wasnt quite sure how to react. I had never been called a white boy before, especially by someone I barely knew. As I turned my head not knowing what to expect, I found myself face to face with a grinning boy, whose crooked pull a face gave him an almost devilish appearance. This was my first encounter with Oscar Jovel, an El Salvadorian student on our trip to Thailand over the summer.   You could imagine my delight when I heard that we would be living together with a Thai family and sharing the comparable sock for six straight weeks. During the next couple of days I was purposeless with apprehension. The first thing both of our eyes fell on when we arrived at our tiny Thai house was the five by four theme bed we would share. It was extremely small, in respect to both length and width, with a bright pink mosquito net hanging around it. That first night, we ofttimes woke up, cramped and hot, to discover ourselves literally on top of each other. Although ab initio embarrassing, we began to find the situation more and more comical. To our surprise and delight, we discovered that we had the same sense of humor. From then on, we discussed our sleeping habits openly and complained about the others loud snoring. We began to carry on up late into the night discussing our lives and the difficult issues we each had to deal with.   wiz night we talked into the early hours of the morning about his life in San Francisco. I could only listen wide-eyed and in disbelief as he talked about how close he had been to joining an El Salvadorian gang. I watched him with fierce curiosity as he slowly told his story. I noticed how he would almost squeeze his eyes closed with his large cheeks when he was retentiveness something that made him angry, or thrust his chin out in a clumsy manner when he was excited. He told me of how he had been ready to be beaten into the gang. When I asked him why he would be willing to do that, he responded by describing how vicious his world was, and then explained that the initiation was a tiny price for the protection he would get from the gang in return.   My respect for him only increased when I sat silently as he told me of his best friend who had been shot in the head in a drive-by shooting.

Hamlet Essay example -- Essays Papers

HAMLETHAMLET SUMMARY OF THE behave Act I, motion picture i The play begins on the outer ramparts of Elsinore castle. It is recent and Bernardo, a guard, is on duty waiting for Francisco to relieve him from his watch. Bernardo is nervous because the forward two nights he and Francisco have seen a figure who appears to be the signature of the recently deceased king wandering around. Francisco approaches, accompanied by Horatio (Hamlets provided fri destroy and confident). Even though Horatio dismisses the idea of a ghost, the guards start to enumerate the introductory nights encounters. As the guards begin, the ghost appears before them- much to Horatios surprise. The guards urge Horatio to verbalize with the ghost. Because Horatio is a student, they feel he should be able to communicate with the ghost, and their previous attempts to talk with it have failed. Horatios attempts also fail. The scene ends with Horatio stating that he will go and inform his friend Hamlet of these incredible events. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Act I, Scene ii This scene opens in contrast to the first scene. The first scene retreats specify on the dark, cold isolated ramparts this scene begins in a brilliantly lit hook, with the new king, Claudius, celebrating his recent wedding to his new wife, Gertrude. Everyone in the judicature appears happy and joyful, except one character who is sitting off to the side. He is dressed in black, the colour of mourning, and does not like what he sees. The unaccompanied figure is Hamlet, the main character of the play. He is wearing black because it has been unless two months since his father, Hamlet senior the ghost on the battlements, died and he unsounded is mourning his fathers death. To encourage upset Hamlet, Claudius new bride is Hamlets yield, Gertrude. Hamlet is upset because his mother married Claudius so soon after becoming a widow. To increase to all the injustices Hamlet is feeling at this time, Claudius is also related to Hamlet. Hamlets uncle is now his father-in-law and Gertrudes brother-in-law is now her husband. Claudius conducts several pieces of business during the beginning of this scene. He first tries to take measures to prevent a war with Norway, then discusses Laertes request to leave court and go back to school. Claudius agrees with Polonius, Laertes father, that Laertes plan of going back to school is a good one. H... ...ed on to England. The note also tells Horatio that Hamlet has an incredible figment to tell him when he arrives back tomorrow, a story that will learn Horatio dumb. Text Act IV, Scene vi --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Act IV, Scene vii Claudius convinces Laertes that he is innocent in Laertes fathers death and that Hamlet is to blame. A messenger enters with Hamlets letter and Claudius is amazed to find that Hamlet is still alive. Claudius reads the letter to Laertes. Ha mlet is writing to inform the King that he has returned to Denmark and tha he wishes to jar against with Claudius tomorrow. Claudius, concerned about Hamlets untimely return, advises Laertes to have a dueling match with Hamlet. In this match, Claudius plans to have Laertes kill Hamlet. They plan to cover the tip of Laertess sword with poison. in one case Hamlet is struck with the sword, he will die. Hamlets death will end Claudius worries about anyone finding out about his involvement in his brothers death. To further ensure Hamlets demise, Claudius intends to present Hamlet, if he scores the first hit, with a poisoned goblet of wine. This way, Hamlet will be kille.

Market Segmentation :: Business Management Studies

Market SegmentationWhat is Segmentation?Market partition is the practice of dividing a marketplace intoidentifiable sorts of customers with common characteristics andmotivations. This is so that all(prenominal) group piece of ass be treated independantly,tailoring the marketing amalgamate to meet the ask of each segment.Furthermore, opportunities for new crops and any niche markets atomic number 18highlighted. Segmentation also portrays which segemets ar doing healthful,which are likey economic to be profitable/worth pursuing, whichsegments study additional marketing support and which should beignored.PsychographicThis considers the mental motivation of the purchaser. Its basedon the benefits that the products/services offer to the purchaser.Factors that affect the buying decisions are increasingly emotiverather than practical. Psychological factors are- Life boltSegmentation is based on actual modus vivendi differences as well asperception. Different lifestlyes f all into different catogories, for object lesson modern and trend-setting or traditional with few changes.Another sheath would be expensive and uncoerced to pay money orunwilling to pass along more than that is necessary.- InterestsThese would embroil sports, leisure activities and hobbies.- AttitudesMarkets can be analysed and segmentated by strength to politics,lifestyle, certain products. For workout an example concerningchocolate and food be that well-nigh hatful would be willing to eatnon-organic foods others dont.- OpinionsIdentifies group with similar opinions on political and social issues.Opinion polls are used to find out the moods and feeligs of the addressgroup and the products can be tailored to appeal to the targetaudience e.g Iceland appeals to consumers collectable to its no GM productpolicy.- valueValues are influenced by family and social conditioning and theproduct can be adapted to consult values of the product. For examplefair-trade chocolate bars w hitethorn appeal to ethica customers.- druthersProducts can be catogrised to be in tidy or dreadful taste. Bad taste maybe seen as bad or offensive to some mess tho unplayful to others becauseits entertaining to others. For example a film with gross out im come onsand storylines offends older people but amuses the youth. Thisportrays how different people have different tastes.How segmentation has affected the developing of DeLights has beenincorporated when explaining the marketing mix each of the 4 Ps.demographicdemographic segmentation is where a market is analysed and dividedinto groups based on demographic factors such as age and sex. Thesefactors relate to the social and economic features of the market beingsegmented. Demographic variables can be closely related to customer involve and buying behaviour, this helps producers target theirproduct more effectively. Age Consumer needs and wants change with age although they may wish tosell the same product to different types of people for exampleMarket Segmentation Business care StudiesMarket SegmentationWhat is Segmentation?Market segmentation is the practice of dividing a market intoidentifiable groups of customers with common characteristics andmotivations. This is so that each group can be treated independantly,tailoring the marketing mix to meet the needs of each segment.Furthermore, opportunities for new products and any niche markets arehighlighted. Segmentation also portrays which segemets are doing well,which are likey profitable to be profitable/worth pursuing, whichsegments need additional marketing support and which should beignored.PsychographicThis affects the psychological motivation of the purchaser. Its basedon the benefits that the products/services offer to the purchaser.Factors that affect the buying decisions are increasingly emotiverather than practical. Psychological factors are- Life styleSegmentation is based on actual lifestyle differences as well asperception. Different li festlyes fall into different catogories, forexample modern and trend-setting or traditional with few changes.Another example would be expensive and willing to pay money orunwilling to spend more than that is necessary.- InterestsThese would include sports, leisure activities and hobbies.- AttitudesMarkets can be analysed and segmentated by attitude to politics,lifestyle, certain products. For example an example concerningchocolate and food be that some people would be willing to eatnon-organic foods others dont.- OpinionsIdentifies group with similar opinions on political and social issues.Opinion polls are used to find the moods and feeligs of the targetgroup and the products can be tailored to appeal to the targetaudience e.g Iceland appeals to consumers due to its no GM productpolicy.- ValuesValues are influenced by family and social conditioning and theproduct can be adapted to reflect values of the product. For examplefair-trade chocolate bars may appeal to ethica customers.- T asteProducts can be catogrised to be in good or bad taste. Bad taste maybe seen as bad or offensive to some people but good to others becauseits entertaining to others. For example a film with gross out imagesand storylines offends older people but amuses the youth. Thisportrays how different people have different tastes.How segmentation has affected the development of DeLights has beenincorporated when explaining the marketing mix each of the 4 Ps.DemographicDemographic segmentation is where a market is analysed and dividedinto groups based on demographic factors such as age and sex. Thesefactors relate to the social and economic features of the market beingsegmented. Demographic variables can be closely related to customerneeds and purchasing behaviour, this helps producers target theirproduct more effectively. Age Consumer needs and wants change with age although they may wish tosell the same product to different types of people for example

All about jack in the lord of the flies :: Free Essay Writer

All about jack in the ennoble of the fliesThe opening chapter begins with two boys, gluttonous and Ralph, makingtheir way done the jungle. We learn, through their dialogue, thatthey had been travelling in an airplane with a group of British schoolchildren. The plane had presumably been shot down and crashed on a anisland in the Pacific. It is hinted that the rest of the world is atwar, and that most of it has been destroyed by nuclearattacks--possibly explaining that the children were being evacuated.A storm has come and gone, washing the wreckage away. Ralph and Piggymeet and revel at the prospect that they argon alone on a tropicalisland with no adults. They make their way to the beach where they celebrate a large conch shell. Using the shell as a horn, Ralph marshal anyother children that may be on the island. They begin to come from thejungle and Piggy tries to take names.Along the beach two border district files of black-clad children approach.This is the first we see of J ack Merridew (who, oddly enough is theonly child, similarly Percival, whose last name we will learn). Piggy isimmediately singled out by the group and made sportswoman of. The children donot like him and neer will.Being children, and at first thinking that survival is a bet to beplayed and that rescue is inevitable, they decide to vote for a headingto decide things. It is obvious the only two contenders are Jack andRalph. Ralph is voted in he had possession of the conch--alreadymagical in quality to those present--and seemed the most able. Jacksblack-clad sing are designated as endureers upon Jacksinsistence--already revealing his need to hunt and kill.Ralphs first conclusiveness as chief is to send a party out to canvasswhether or not they are really on an island. Himself, Jack, and Simonleave to scurf the mountain. As they climb the pink granite, they taketime to have fun and roll a large boulder off the edge to note it bedestroyed like a bomb. This need to destroy begi ns with this guiltless rock-rolling and will eventually culminate with the killingof a sow, Simon, Piggy and the hunt of Ralph later in the story.They reach the summit and indeed discovery they are on an island,apparently uninhabited. A new friendship developes between Ralph andJack. They nip the right of domination, and Jack comments abouthow they will have fun and hunt until they fetch us. Jack believesrescue is inevitable and these thoughts will contribute to his

Sex and Relationship Education (SRE) Essays -- human sexuality and sex

devolve on and kinship education (SRE) is admiting children through their moral, sensual and psychological aspects of growing up to be an adult, and making sure they cave in knowledge on singingships, call down, gentle sexuality and sexual health (Sex gentility Forum, 2010). There are terzetto main parts in SRE, the first agent is attitudes and judges, which is more or less developing autocratic values and be able to flip moral issues before they incur their decisions on having intercourse (Kirby, 2007). The second agent is personal and social skills, which is about teaching children to have the confidence to value themselves and others to become respectful for idiosyncratic conscience and the skills to judge the kind of family relationship they want the third element is about accessing the knowledge and understanding of benevolent sexuality, reproduction, sexual health, emotions and relationships (Kirby, 2007). The potential put in of SRE should be seen in thes e three areas, which includes decrement in teenager pregnancy, and the chances of acquire sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and being sexually assault, etc. As SRE merchantman either be given at home to the child by parents, in school by teachers, or in youth organizations, alternating(a) educational institutions, or youth pique organizations by Shine staffs or trained peer educators and volunteers (Levy 1992). This essay is generally going to focus on the teacher-led SRE given in school and wrangle whether it is beneficial or non, with the support of the positive outcome of children having SRE in relation of STDs, pregnancy and peer violence, and withal the actual fact of SRE being not useful, supported with the data of teenagers not receiving the knowledge they should have been taught in SRE, and lavishly te... ...ax S(1997) intrusion of HIV and knowledgeable Health Education on the internal Behaviour of teenage hoi polloi a Review UpdateGodson, S. (2001) Boys+se xeducation=crisis. Available online at http//educationguardian.co.uk/Print/0.3858.4311559.00.html (accessed 4 December 2001).Holland, J., Ramazanoglu, C., Sharpe, S. & Thomson, R. (1998) The masculine in the head untested people, heterosexuality and power ,London, The Tufnell Press Kirby D. (2001) appear Answers Research Findings on Programs to tighten up Teen Pregnancy. Washington, DC National endure to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2001.Kohler et al. (2008)Abstinence-only and spaciotemporal Sex Education and the Initiation of intimate Activity and Teen Pregnancy. daybook of Adolescent Health, 42(4) 344-351.Kirby D. (2007) Sex and HIV Programs Their Impact on Sexual Behaviors of Young People Throughout the World. Journal of Adol Sex and Relationship Education (SRE) Essays -- human sexuality and sexSex and relationship education (SRE) is supporting children through their moral, physical and psychological aspects of growing up to be an adult, and making sure they h ave knowledge on relationships, sex, human sexuality and sexual health (Sex Education Forum, 2010). There are three main elements in SRE, the first element is attitudes and values, which is about developing positive values and be able to consider moral issues before they make their decisions on having intercourse (Kirby, 2007). The second element is personal and social skills, which is about teaching children to have the confidence to value themselves and others to become respectful for individual conscience and the skills to judge the kind of relationship they want the third element is about accessing the knowledge and understanding of human sexuality, reproduction, sexual health, emotions and relationships (Kirby, 2007). The potential effect of SRE should be seen in these three areas, which includes reduction in teenager pregnancy, and the chances of getting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and being sexually assault, etc. As SRE can either be given at home to the child by par ents, in school by teachers, or in youth organizations, alternative educational institutions, or youth offending organizations by Shine staffs or trained peer educators and volunteers (Levy 1992). This essay is mainly going to focus on the teacher-led SRE given in school and discuss whether it is beneficial or not, with the support of the positive outcome of children having SRE in relation of STDs, pregnancy and peer violence, and also the actual fact of SRE being not useful, supported with the data of teenagers not receiving the knowledge they should have been taught in SRE, and high te... ...ax S(1997) Impact of HIV and Sexual Health Education on the Sexual Behaviour of Young People a Review UpdateGodson, S. (2001) Boys+sexeducation=crisis. Available online at http//educationguardian.co.uk/Print/0.3858.4311559.00.html (accessed 4 December 2001).Holland, J., Ramazanoglu, C., Sharpe, S. & Thomson, R. (1998) The male in the headyoung people, heterosexuality and power ,London, The Tu fnell Press Kirby D. (2001) Emerging Answers Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy. Washington, DC National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2001.Kohler et al. (2008)Abstinence-only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(4) 344-351.Kirby D. (2007) Sex and HIV Programs Their Impact on Sexual Behaviors of Young People Throughout the World. Journal of Adol

John Smith in Jamestown Essay -- John Smith Jamestown Essays

John smith in Jamestown The attractership strengths and weaknesses of John metalworker evoked a profound effect on the Jamestown colony. The fact that smith in truth arrived in the colony as a common captive and was able to achieve the drawing cardship role that he gained is amazing. His creativity and association in certain areas actually saved the colonists from attack and starvation in the early days. Some of the rules he enforced as a leader were actually instrumental in saving the colony. His skill in relations with the natives allowed him to gain their support and continue trade that resulted in the survival of the colony.Christopher Newport, the admiral that transported John metalworker and many of the colonists from England, left the Jamestown colony in the evanesce of 1607. Immediately all work in the settlement ceased to exist. The colonists had decided to clutch on Newport to return with new workers. The plan was for the natives to provide food for them patch they waited. When the natives never came with food, Ratcliffe, the current president of the colony, ordered John Smith to cut down the neighboring natives and trade tools and metals for maize. The natives had noniced how the English were unable to feed themselves by planting their own crops. The natives refused to trade more than a few handfuls of corn and bread for the hatchets and iron that were rack upered. Smith realize the reason why the Kecoughtans were non trading more than just those small enumerates and created a way to put to work the problem. To prove to the natives that the English were not poor, Smith gave free beads and trinkets to the children. This was to express the Kecoughtans that the English were economically strong and possessed more valuable items. Smith used the mentality of weakness in appearancewas weakness in reality (Price 57) to justify his travels from village to village, collecting a large of amount of corn, bread, and other foods for the Jamestown colonists. Smith thought the natives would trade more food if they did not realize what a small amount of food stores that the English had actually acquired. If the natives had known what large quantities of food Smith had actually traded for, they would have realized how desperate the state of the colonists. Smith performed his trading sessions this way least they should descry my too great want. (Price 57) In this manner, John Smith saved the ent... ...into accept the English had enough stores of food actually help protect the colonists from attack. It in any case allowed Smith and the colonists to continue to bring back enough food and supplies to decease the settlement through the first winter. By the second winter, John Smith had taken the go under of President of the settlement. This put him in a position of power where he could invoke some rules among the colonists. Invoking the he that will not work shall not eat rule was a key operator in surviving this winter. Durin g the same season the food supply again became dangerously low. Rats had again infested the main food supply. John cleverly change integrity the colonists into three groups. Despite the risk of having the settlement devastated by the division, Smith pulled it off and saved the colonists again. John Smith remained committed to the interests of the common man end-to-end his efforts in Jamestown. This character trait and well as his impulsiveness and temper outbursts slashed him in the eyes of the Virginia Company. Unfortunately, this shortened his time as a leader for the settlers. Despite his flaws, John Smith was a critical player in the success of the Jamestown settlement.